THE ARCHITECT AND BUILDER'S VADE-MECUM

BOOK OF REFERENCE

RULES FOR MEASURING

Lists of Prices of Materials

By Albert L. West, Architect,

RICHMOND, VA.

RICHMOND, VA.
WOODHOUSE & PARHAM, PUBLISHERS
1872

Enterred according to Act of Congress, in the year 1871, by Albert L. West, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.

Geo. W. Gary, Printer, 1217 Main St., Richmond, Va.

Index

Joists
Girders
Story Post
Roofing
Sheeting
Shingling
Outside Cornices
Dormer Windows
Balustrades
Stud Partitions and Battening or Furring
Board Partitions and Ceilings
Flooring
Hatchways and Scuttles in Roofs
Centering to Arches
Bracketing, including Plugging
Door Frames
Window Frames
Sash-Makers' Prices
Outside Blinds
Inside Folding Shutters
Panel Doors
Batten or Ledge Doors
Jamb Linings
Rabbetted Jambs
Architraves
Pilasters to Doors and Windows
Mouldings
Bases, Skirting, and Wash-Boards
Chimney Pieces
Closets and Pantry
Store Shelving
Counters
Drawers
Stairs
Circular or geometrical Stairs
Ladders
Porches
Framed Buildings
Weather-Boarding
Barge, corner, fascia, cant Boards and corner Beads
Lattice Work
Privies and Water Closets
Stables
Fencing
Desks
Prices to be charged for putting on Hardware

Nails and Brads
Axle Pulleys
Cast Bolts
Flaps
Screws
Bolts
Square Spring Bolts
Sliding-Door Trimmings
Locks with knobs and escutcheons

Commission on measurement of Carpenter's Work

A
B
C
D
F
G
H
N
O
P
S
T
U
Prices of Materials for Brick Work
Prices of Work to be charged per day
Particulars in reference to Brick Work
Prices to be charged for day's work
Commission on Measurement of Brick Work

Rules for Measuring Work
Lathing, and Plastering on Laths
Reveals or Jambs
Deafening
Plain Beads, Quirks, Soffits, Cornices, Mouldings, &c
Coloring in Distemper
Particulars in reference to Plastering
Prices of Materials
Prices of Day's Work
Commission on Measurement of Plastering

Rules for Measuring Painting
Prices of Painting

Yellow Wash for Buildings
Commission on Measurement of Painting

Rules for Measuring Stone-Mason's Work
Prices of Granite Mason's Work
Prices to be charged per day
Prices of Random Stone

Prices of Dimension Stone
Marble

Rules for Measuring
Prices of Work and Materials

Water Closets
Portable Wash Stands, with Plugs
Brass Cocks
Bath Tubs
Galvanized Iron and Copper Boilers
Sinks
Urinals
Hydrants
Terra-Cotta Pipe

Cornice and Valley Gutters
Swinging Gutters
Conductors or Down Spouts
GAS PIPING
ESTIMATE
ESTIMATE FOR CARPENTER'S WORK ONLY
MEASURES OF SOLIDITY
MENSURATION
SURFACE OR SQUARE MEASURE
SOLID OR CUBIC MEASURE

TABLES


Showing the number of Nails to a pound
Showing the proper Pitch of Roofs
Showing the weight of round, rolled Iron
Showing the weight of flat Bar Iron
Showing the weight of Wrought and Cast Iron

LIEN LAW
FORM OF HOUSE-BUILDING AGREEMENT
GLOSSARY OF ARCHITECTURAL TERMS

Preface

In compiling this little work, it has been the object of the author to furnish Architects, Measurers, Builders, sub-Contractors and others with a convenient book of reference, as a guide in estimating the value of work; and in doing this, he has carefully avoided all needless interference with established custom; on the contrary, it has been his effort to reaffirm and establish all rules for the measurement of work which were not so objectionable as to demand a change, and to make such additions as will ensure a fair valuation of such items of work as have not heretofore been subject to any rule of measurement.
The prices will, of course, vary with time, place and circumstances; but by comparing the prices of day's work and materials at any time with the prices in this book, the value of any kind of work may be easily arrived at.
So far as the author is aware, no work of this kind has ever before been attempted in Richmond or in any part of the southern states; he has, therefore, had to depend upon his own resources, so far as the south is concerned; but he has consulted freely, works of a similar kind published in the cities north of this and in Europe.
He is aware of the great responsibility of such an undertaking, and does not presume to claim perfection in his work; but, relying upon all the means at hand and upon a large experience as a practical Architect, Measurer and Engineer, he has addressed himself to the difficult and arduous task, feeling confident that his efforts will, at least, prove a great benefit to that large and valuable class of men engaged in the building business.

CARPENTER'S WORK

+ = Work only.  §= work and materials.	+	§
Note.- All timber and lumber to be best merchantable, hard pine, thoroughly seasoned, unless specified to the contrary. The length of timbers to be the average usually used in buildings
JOISTS
Ground floor of joists, 3 x 4; 2 feet between their centres; all heart; per foot, superficial measure	.01½	.05
Principal story floor of joists, 3 x 12;  16 inches between their centres; per foot, superficial	.02	.06
For each additional story, charge extra per foot, superficial,	.00¼
Ceiling joists, 3 x 8, two feet between their centres, per foot, superficial	.01½	.04
Where one end of the floor joists is notched into a girder, charge extra  per lineal foot of the girder,	.06
Where one end of the ceiling joist is framed into a girder, charge extra per lineal foot. of the girder,	.04
Joists dressed and edges beaded,  per foot superficial-measuring side and edge of joists-extra,	.01¼
No openings, as fire-places, stairways, hatchways, &c., to be deducted, unless the opening exceeds 100 superficial feet, and no additional charge for their trimmers.
Page 5
Measure six inches within the wall, at each end of the joists, and in the clear between the walls, when measuring across the joists.
Lattice bridging of 2x4 scantling, nailed between joists, measuring straight across the floor, per lineal foot,	.05	.10
Wall plates, raising plates, bond timbers and lintels, per foot, board measure,	.02½	.05
If raising plates are let into joist and rafters, charge extra per foot, board measure,	.02
GIRDERS
Rough girders, 10x 12, per foot, board measure,	.02	.04½
Each splice in the above	.50	.62
Each splice, with a key and bolts, or straps of iron, charge the cost of the iron, and for each splice	1.00	1.25
If any of the above girders are dressed, add per foot, superficial	.04	.05
If any of them are trussed, add per foot, board measure	.01½	.02
Measure the length of the splices in girder; with each piece of the girders.
The above girders are supposed to be at the level of the 2d floor joists, or lower. For every additional story, add one-fourth of the above prices, for work only.
Page 6
STORY POST
Story post, for the support of girders, &c., rough, per foot, board measure,	.01½	.04
Story post; if dressed, add per foot, superficial,	.04	.05
Each tenon, extra	.25	.30
Caps, to do., with splayed ends, per foot, board measure (no deduction for the diminished ends)	.04	.06½
If any of the above posts are continuous through the stories, and notched to receive the girders, add for each intersection with girders,	1.00	1.25
ROOFING
Common roofing, with 3x5 & 7 rafters, two feet between their centers, 24 feet span and under, per foot, superficial,	.02	.04¼
Over 24 and not exceeding 34 feet, per foot, superficial,	.02¼	.04½
From 34 and upwards, per foot, superficial,	.02½	.05
Hips and valleys in the above, per lineal foot, extra,	.20	.30
Collar beams for the above roof 2½x6, measuring from end to end of the beams, by the length of the building, in the clear, per foot, superficial	.02	.04
Page 7
Principal framing, with tie beams, king post and braces, per foot, board measure,	.04	.08
Ditto, with queen posts and brace,per ditto,	.05	.10
Ditto, with collar beams, hammer beams and brad, per ditto,	.10	.15
Do. for Gothic roofs-rough, per ditto	.15	.20
If any of the above principals are dressed, add per foot, surface measure,	.06
For all purlins, for principal roof,per foot, board measure	.03	.06
Common or jack rafters, for the above roofs, 3x5, two feet between centers, per foot, superficial,	.02	.04
Ribs to cove ceilings, per foot, superficial,	.04	.08
For groins, or mitres in the coves, per foot, lineal measure,	.10	.20
All necessary scaffolding, included in the above: Measure the tenons in all framing that is to be paid for board measure.
SHEETING.
Inch sheeting, for shingling, per foot	.01	.03½
Ditto, narrow, for slating, jointed, per foot	.01½	.04
Ditto, do. do. do. tongued and grooved, per foot,	.02¼	.04½
Page 8
Lathing, for slating with 1½x3 strips, per foot, superficial	.01	.03
SHINGLING.
18 inch cypress shingles, 4 inches wide, laid 5 inches to the weather, merchantable, per foot, (superficial,) of roof,	.02¼	.08
22 inch do. 6 inches wide, 6 inches to the weather, per do.	.02¼	.09
Do. 6 inches wide, 6 inches to the weather, all heart, per do.	.02¼	.10
For roofs more thad two stories high, add per superficial foot of roof,for each additional story,	.00¼	.00 3/8
For open valleys, where tin or copper is laid, per lineal foot,	.10	.20
For close shingled valleys, per lineal foot,	.20	.30
For hips, per lineal foot,	.20	.30
For cant boards and verge boards, per lineal foot,	.04	.08
Where there are dormers, deduct the spaces they cover of the main roof, and add their roofs to the measurement.
OUTSIDE CORNICES.
Common box cave, planceer and fascia, one foot 6 inches girt, per lineal foot,	.20	.30
Do. with bed and crown moulding, per do.	.25	.40
Page 9
Plain cornice, with narrow frieze bed and crown moulding, and box gutter, (the cornice to girth about three feet,) per do.	.75	1.50
Modillion and bracketed cornices, per foot, superficial (the value of the modillions or brackets to be added,)	.25	.50
Add for brackets, according to their size and style.
Complete Doric cornice, all heart, per foot, superficial,	.50	1.00
Complete Ionic cornice, per do:	.40	.80
Complete Corinthian or composite cornice, per do.	.50	1.00
If with a fret, or dentil bed moulding, add per superficial foot of cornice,	.10	.20
For raking cornices, add one-third the price of the level cornice.
For each mitre, charge the price of one foot.
The length of all cornices to be taken on the facia. If any of the mouldings are carved or ornamented, charge extra, according to their value.
NOTE.-All the above Cornices are supposed to be made of heart, hard pine; if white pine be used, add extra, according to the cost. No gutters included in the above.
Gutters notched into joists and lined with inch boards, ready for tin, per foot, superficial,	.05	.10
Page 10
All necessary scaffolding included in the above,
Inside cornices are worth about the same as outside cornices of the same size and kind.
DORMER WINDOWS.
flat-top dormer, for 12 lights 8x10 sash, frame made of 3x4 timber, cheeks of inch boards, on 3x4 studs, roof shingled, sash included, per window,	6.00	12.00
plain ridge top do., for 12 lights, 10x12 sash, 4x6 frame, 11 sash, cheeks, shingled roof, and inside casing, per window,	8.00	15.00
If any of the above dormer frames are arched, charge extra, according to the time and materials used in them.
BALUSTRADES.
Balustrades over cornice, made of panel work 1 3/8 thick, moulded, with 4 inch balusters over the windows, 3x4 rails at bottom and top, plain cap with moulding, and plain base, per lineal foot,	.50	1.00
Balustrades, with half balusters, 5 inch diameter, with moulded rail and base of suitable size and style, per lineal foot,	1.00	2.00
The above balustrades are supposed to be of heart, hard pine; if white pine be used, add to the arice accordingly.
Page 11
STUD PARTITIONS AND BATTENING OR FURRING.
Stud partitions of 3x4 scantling, placed 16 inches between their centers, per foot, superficial,	.01½	.04
Do. framed into sill and plate of 3x4 scantling, the sill and plate included, per foot, superficial,	.02	.04
If braces are used in the above partitions, charge extra per foot, superficial,	.00½	.01
Sliding door partitions of 4x6 scantling, placed 16 inches between their centres, with edges next to doors, dressed and braced, or bridged, per foot, superficial,	.03	.06
Battening or furring to walls, 1x2, 16 inches between centres, in cluding plugging walls, (plugs 3 feet apart,) per foot, superficial	.02½	.04
BOARD PARTITIONS AND CEILINGS.
Partition, of rough board, one inch thick, 8 to 12 wide, per foot, superficial,	.01	.03½
Do. one side dressed, and edges jointed, per foot,	.03	.06
Do. of inch boards, 3 to 6 wide, dressed one side, tongued and grooved, and beaded, per foot,	.04	.08
Do. dressed both sides, thicknessed, tongued and grooved and beaded, per foot,	.06	.10
Page 12
Ceilings of one inch boards, 4 to 6 wide, dressed one side, jointed and beaded, nailed to the ceiling joists, per foot, superficial,	.06	.10
Do. tongued and grooved and secret nailed, per foot,	.08	.12
FLOORING.
Floor of rough inch boards, full width, per foot, superficial	.00 3/4	.03
Do. jointed, full width, per foot	.01½	.04
Do. dressed, tongued and grooved, full width, per foot,	.02½	.05
Do. of inch boards from 4 to 6 inches wide, dressed, tongued and grooved, and secret nailed, per foot,	.03	.06
Do. of 5-4 boards, 4 to 6 wide, dressed, tongued and grooved, and secret nailed, per foot	.03½	.08
If heading joints are tongued and grooved or doweled, add per foot	.01
Trimming hearths, not exceeding six feet breast, with border, and tongued and grooved floor,	.50	1.00
Floor of rough 8/4 plank, per foot, surface	.01½	.07
Do. jointed do. do.	½	.08
Do. dressed square joints, per foot, surface,	.04	.10
Do. dressed, jointed, tongued and grooved, per foot, surface,	.05	.12
Page 13
All of the above floors that are dressed are to have their joints struck off.
Dressing floors, after the plastering is done, per foot	.01
Counter flooring, of rough inch boards and strips, 1x2, nailed to joists, per foot, superficial,	.02½	.05
Do. of 1x3 strips, placed ¼ of an inch apart on 1x2 strips nailed to joists, per foot, superficial,	.04	.08
No openings, as fire-places, stairways, hatchways, &c., to be deducted, unless the opening exceeds 100 superficial feet.
Where planing mills are convenient, the prices for work on floors may be considerably reduced.
HATCHWAYS AND SCUTTLES IN ROOFS.
Hatchways, framed in floor joists, doors of 1¼ boards 4 to 6 wide, dressed, tongued and grooved, and hinged, per foot, superficial,	.25	.50
Casings on joists for hatchways and scuttles, per foot, superficial,	.06	.12
Charge extra for hinges and other hardware used, in proportion to its value.
Scuttle,with frame,and inch tongued and grooved and beaded shutter, battened, and hung and fastened, measuring the face only of the shutter, per foot, superficial,	.25	.50
Page 14
Scuttle, with glazed sash instead of shutter, made to slide up and down the roof, including putting on line and pulley, per foot, superficial	.50	1.00
Charge extra for line and pulley, according to their value.
CENTERING TO ARCHES.
Common centers, for vaults or drains on proper ribs, covered with inch board and fixed on bearers (measure the covering) per foot, superficial,	.06	.12
Centres fixed for groined arches, per foot, superficial,	.08	.14
Do. on ribs, for brick arches over windows and doors, not over ¼ rise (to be measured on the soffit) per foot, superficial,	.10	.20
Do. to semi-circular heads, per foot, superficial,	.12	.22
BRACKETING, INCLUDING PLUGGING.
Of 1¼ pine for cornices, measuring where lathed, per foot, superficial,	.08	.12
Do. two thicknesses of inch boards, per foot, superficial,	.12	.16
For every angle bracket, add one foot of the cornice.
If circular on plan, 11 times the price of straight.
Page 15
Bracketing to semi-circular ceilings, ten feet radius or over, of two thicknesses of inch boards, 16 inches between centers, per foot, superficial	.10	.16
Do. five feet radius or less, per foot, superficial,	.12	.18
Elliptical ceiling 1¼ times the price of semi-circular.
Ties and brackets to walls, extra.
DOOR FRAMES.
Solid door frames of heart, hard pine, dressed and rabbited, per foot, board measure,	.03	.08
Circular heads, 3 prices of straight.
If mouldings are nailed or worked on the frames, add according to their value.
Plain transom or impost, same as door frames.
Venitian frames, or frames for side lights, the center posts 1½ times the price of the side post.
Outside cellar door frames, of heart joists, per foot, board measure,	.03	.08
Lintels, dressed ready to set, heart face and edge, per foot, board measure,	.03	.08
Carved work or other ornaments on frames and lintels, extra.
Page 16
WINDOW FRAMES. Exclusive of sashes and of the inside Trimmings.
Boxed frame, with sunk sills, for 1 3/8 sashes, parting bead, inside and outside stop beads, hanging stiles for 1 3/8 blinds and four 1 3/4 inch iron axle pulley; measuring the frame where it touches the bricks, or stucco, and sub-sill, per foot, lineal,	.20	.30
Circular, elliptical or pointed liclds, three prices of straight.
If circular on plan, charge double for head and sill.
The pulley stiles to be of 1¼ boards, and all parts of the frame exposed to the weather to be all heart, hard pine.
Sub-sills, to represent stone-work, with wash, per foot, board measure,	.06	.10
Plain, solid frames of 4x6 scantling, stops and beads, measured as above per foot, lineal,	.10	.18
Mouldings on the outside of frames, extra, according to value.
Plain skeleton frames for wooden buildings, with 1¼ jambs, hanging stiles for blinds, stops, beads and sill, measure as above, per foot, lineal,	.08	.16
Page 17
If iron or wooden bars are let into any of the above frames, charge for them according to time and materials.
For French casement frames, deduct one-fourth of the price of box frames.
SASH-MAKERS' PRICES.
* =Sash-maker's prices. # = Contractors prices.	*	#
Sashes of 5/4 heart, hard pine, for 8 x 10 glass, per pair, of 12 lights	1.08	1.30
Do.  do.  10x12	1.20	1.44
Do.  do.  10x14	1.32	1.58
Do.  do.  10x16	1.68	2.00
Do. of 1 3/8  do.  12x14	1.80	2.25
Do.  do.  13x16	1.92	2.30
Do.  do.  12x18	2.16	2.60
Do. of 1 3/4  do.  12x18	2.40	2.88
Do.  do.  12x20	2.64	3.16
Do.  do.  14x20 8 lights	2.25	2.70
Do.  do.  14x24	2.75	3.30
Do.  do.  16x30	3.50	4.20
Do.  do.  16x36	4.50	5.40
Fitting and hanging, extra.
Circular lights, from 5 to 6 inches rise, 1½ times the price of straight.
Semi-circular lights, three prices of straight.
Add 25 cents per pair for checks on meeting rails.
Page 18
Fitting and hanging sashes, for a 12 light, 12x16 window	.60	.75
Fitting do. only, per window,	.25	.30
Letting pulleys into frame, per pair,	.20	.25
Transom and side-lights, in proportion to their size and shape.
For French casement sashes, add ¼ to the price of other sashes of the same size and thickness.
Sky-light of 8-4 heart, hard pine, 18x36 inches, per light,	.40	.50
Hard-ware to be added.
OUTSIDE BLINDS TO WINDOWS.
Stationary blinds of 5-4 pine, 3 : 6 wide, morticed, slats hung, per foot, lineal, of window,	.60	.72
Do. with pivot slats do.    do.	.65	.78
Blinds 6-4 pine, half pivot, per foot, lineal, of window,	.70	.85
Blinds, with pivot rolling slats of 6-4 pine, with rods--hung,	.75	.90
Hinges and fastenings, extra.
Inside blinds doublethe price of out-side, measuring height of window and taking the whole width.
If the heads be circular, charge 3 times the price of the straight part, for so much as the head measure,.
Page 19
If circular on the plan, the rail only being curved and the slats straight charge 1½ times the price of straight blinds.
+ = Work only.  §= work and materials.	+	§
Hanging outside blinds, medium sizes, per pair,	.75
Hanging inside blinds, medium sizes, per window,	1.50
Outside shutters to windows, hinges, hangings, and fastenings, extra.
Shutters of 4-4 pine, rough, square joints . . . . .per foot,superficial,	.03½	.08
Do. tongued and grooved do. do.	.04	.10
Do. dressed, tongued, grooved and beaded, (narrow boards) per foot, superficial,	.05	.10
Do. cross-lined with 4-4 stuff, per foot, superficial,	.07	.18
Do. of 5-4 stuff, cross-lined with same, per foot, superficial,	.09	.20
	*	#
Do. of 5-4 stuff, panelled, plain, per foot, superficial,	.12½	.15
Do.  5-4 stuff, panelled and moulded one side, per foot, superficial,	.14	.17
Do.  6-4 stuff, panelled, and moulded both sides, per foot, superficial,	.19	.23
If lined on one side, add per foot, superficial,	.06	.08
For thicker stuff, add in proportion.
Page 20
Shutters, panelled, bead and butt one side and moulded the other, same as moulded both sides.
Do. bead and flush, charge extra per foot, superficial,	.05	.06
Circular, elliptical or pointed heads to panelled shutters to be measured from the springing line to top, square, at 3 times the price of the straight.
All the above shutters to be of heart, hard pine, clear of knots.
All hinges and fastenings extra.
INSIDE FOLDING SHUTTERS, (HINGES AND FASTENINGS TO BE ADDED.)
Shutters of 5-4 heart, hard pine, panelled, middle flaps cut in two heights, hung and fastened, per foot, superficial,	.25	.31
If moulded, or bead and butt, add per foot,	.05	.06
Circular heads to be measured and charged in the same manner as outside shutters.
PANEL DOORS HUNG COMPLETE, (HINGES AND LOCKS TO BE ADDED.)
Four panelled 1¼, plain, per foot, superficial,	.15	.18
Four panelled 1¼, single moulded, per foot, superficial,	.16	.19
Page 21
Do. do. - double moulded,perfoot, superficial,	.17	.20
Do. 1 3/8 double moulded, per foot, superficial,	.18	.22
Do. 1 3/4 double moulded, per foot, superficial,	.21	.26
Do. 2½ double moulded, (sliding,) per foot, superficial,	.30	.36
For six panelled doors, add 1/8 to the price of the above.
For eight pannelled doors, add ¼ to the price of the above.
Store doors (double) charge for each thickness.
Circular, elliptical, or pointed heads to doors, to be measured from the springing line, at three prices of the straight.
If carving or other ornamental work, extra.
All the above doors to be made of clear, hard pine.
Sash doors are worth about the same as panel doors, measuring the sash with the panels.
BATTEN OR LEDGE DOORS (HINGES AND LOCKS TO BE ADDED.)
	*	#
Batten doors 1¼ stuff, rough, per foot, superficial,	.03	.07
Page 22
Do. dressed, tongued, grooved and beaded, per foot, superficial,	.05	.10
Do.  5-4 stuff, dressed, tongued, grooved and beaded, per foot, superficial,	.06	.12
Do. with battens and braces,	.07	.14
Do.  for inclined cellar doors, to fold, all heart, per foot, superficial,	.06	.14
Carpet strips, from 3 to 4 inches, each,	.37	.50
For fitting and hanging a medium size panel door and putting on a lock,	.75
For fitting, hanging, and putting fastenings on sliding doors, per pair,	5.00
JAMB LININGS, PUT UP IN BUILDING.
Plain jambs of 4-4 stuff, 6 inches wide, one edge tongued into frames, per foot, lineal,	.06	.10
Do. from 6 to 12 inches wide, per foot, lineal,	.07	.12
Do. over 12 inches wide, per foot, superficial, (the tongue included,)	.08	.15
For splayed jambs, add per foot, lineal,	.02	.02
Plain panelled jambs, framed of 4-4 stuff, per foot, superficial,	.10	.13
Do. moulded, per foot, superficial,	.12	.15
Page 23
For splayed jambs, add per foot, lineal,	.03	.03
Arched soffits, rise one-fourth of span, two prices of straight.
Do. semi-circular or elliptical, three prices of straight.
Panelled backs and elbows of 5-4 stuff, moulded, per foot, superficial,	.12	.15
All the above to be of clear, hard pine.
RABBETTED JAMBS.
Plain, 5-4 door jambs, from 4 to 6 inches wide, rabbetted, per foot, lineal,	.06	.10
Do. from 6 to 12 inches wide, per foot, lineal,	.08	.12
Door jambs of 1 3/8 stuff, panelled and moulded, 12 inches wide and under, per foot, lineal,	.15	.22
Do. more than 12 inches wide, per foot, superficial,	.15	.22
Circular heads, three times the price of straight.
If the thickness of the stuff be increased, increase the price accordingly.
All the above to be of clear, hard pine.
Page 24
ARCHITRAVES, PUT UP IN BUILDING.
Single faced architraves, 6 inches wide or less, with returned bead on one edge, and plaster grounds, per foot, lineal,	.05	.09
Do. with moulding on one edge, per foot, lineal,	.08	.12
Double faced architraves from 6 to 12 inches wide, with grounds,	.08	.15
Do. with moulding and grounds, per ditto,	.10	.18
Back bands, scribed to the plastering, and rounded on edge, per foot, lineal,	.02	.03
Plinths, two prices, per foot, of the architraves over them.
Carving, or other enrichments, extra, according to their value.
Grounds, under architraves or pilasters, 3/4x1½, for plastering, dressed on face, per foot, lineal,	.02	.03
Circular architraves and grounds, three prices of straight.
If circular on plan, one-and-a-half times the price of straight
PILASTERS TO DOORS AND WINDOWS, PUT UP IN BUILDING.
Plain pilasters, 7-8 inches thick, from,6 to 9 inches wide, per foot, lineal,	.05	.09
Do. opened, square, per foot, lineal,	.10	.16
Page 25
Do. opened and moulded, per foot, lineal,	.12	.16
Plain plinths and angle blocks, two prices, per foot, of the pilaster.
All ornamental work on the above to be charged extra, according to value.
MOULDINGS, OF HARD PINE.
From ½ inch x 3/4 inch to 1 3/4 x 8 inch, per foot, board measure,	.09	.12
BASES, SKIRTING, AND WASH-BOARDS, PUT DOWN IN BUILDING.
Plain wash-board, 7-8 thick, 6 inches wide or less, square edge, scribed to floor, per foot, lineal,	.04	.08
If plugged to walls, add per foot,	.00½	.01
Do. beaded or beveled on top, per foot, lineal,	.05	.10
Do. with moulding on top, 8 inches wide, over all, and grounds 1x1½ inches, to plaster to, per foot, lineal,	.08	.12
Base, one inch thick, sub-plinth and moulding on top, 10 inches high, over all, with grounds to plaster to, per foot, lineal,	.10	.16
If any of the above work is circular, charge three prices of straight.
Skirting on steps, when done separately from the stairs, one-and-a-half prices of level.
Page 26
CHIMNEY PIECES, COMPLETE.
Plain shelf, with brackets,	1.00	1.50
Chimney pieces, with plain grounds and shelf,	1.50	2.50
Do.  do.  flat pilasters and frieze,	2.50	4.00
Do. do. raised pilasters and frieze,	3.00	5.00
If columns or ornamental work be used, charge extra, according to value.
CLOSETS AND PANTRY.
Framed fronts to closets of 5-4 stuff, 6 inches wide, with mouldings planted on and rabbetted for door, per foot, lineal,	.06	.10
Lining to closets of 4-4 inch stuff, dressed one side, tongued and grooved, and beaded, per foot, superficial,	.03	.06
Do. of 5-4 stuff, per foot, superficial,	.04	.08
Inch pantry shelving, plain edge, twelve inches wide and under, per foot, lineal,	.05	.10
Do. with beaded edges, per foot, lineal,	.06	.12
If wider than 12 inches, charge, per foot, superficial,	.06	.12
Uprights same as shelving.
Page 27
Cross grooves in uprights, per foot,	.01½	.02
No cross groove shall be estimated at less than one-foot.
STORE SHELVING.
Inch shelving, square edges, 12 inches wide and under, per foot, lineal,	.04	.08
Do. with beaded edges, per foot, lineal,	.04½	.08½
If wider than 12 inches, charge per foot, superficial,	.06	.10
Uprights same as shelves.
Charge for curved lines, cut in edges of uprights, and for brackets, according to their value.
For rounding or nosing the edges of counter shelves, per foot, lineal,	.01	.02
Inch linings to backs of shelves, narrow boards, dressed, tongued, and grooved and beaded, per foot, superficial,	.06	.10
Inch, beaded fascia, 6 to 12 inches wide, per foot., lineal,	.08	.12
Inch, beaded fascia, 6 inches wide and under, per foot, lineal,	.06	.10
Putting up iron brackets, under shelves, to brick wall, including plugging,	.15
Page 28
COUNTERS.
Fronts and tops to counters of 4-4 stuff, tongued and grooved,	.06	.10
Do. of 5-4 stuff, per foot, superficial,	.08	.13
Paneled fronts to counters of 5-4 stuff, moulded 4-4 panels at back of frame, per foot, superficial,	.12	.16
Frames to counters of 1½ inch by 3 inch stuf, dressed, lapped, and screwed together, per foot, lineal,	.04	.06
Do. morticed together,	.06	.08
Black walnut tops to counters of 4-4 stuff, glued in best manner, per foot, superficial,	.12	.32
Baywood, Mahogany, do. do.	.20	.50
All pilasters, cornice, and carved work must be charged extra.
DRAWERS FITTED IN.
Front and sides of drawers ½ inch or 4-4 dove-tailed, not more than 6 inches deep, per foot, lineal,	.12	.18
Do. from 6 to 10 inches, per foot, lineal,	.15	.22
Bottoms to drawer ½ to 3-4 per foot, superficial,	.08	.12
Cross grooves in do., each	.03
Runners and slides to do. 1¼ inch by 1¼ inch, rabbeted, per foot, running,	.04	.08
Page 29
For all drawers less than 15 inches square, one-and-a-half times the above prices.
Putting on knobs or pulls included in the above.
STAIRS.
Stairs, with 4-4 inch treads and risers, skirting scribed on each side, dressed, per riser	1.50	2.50
Do. with one end nosed and Scotia, per riser,	1.75	3.00
Do. with 5-4 treads, housed and glued to wall string, outer string mitred to riser and nosing, (returned with scotia,) per riser,	2.50	3.50
Do. with 6-4 treads, per riser,	2.63	3.75
Winders, one-and-a-half times the price of straight.
3 inch, pine, rounded rail, with 3/4 inch by 5/4 inch balusters, per foot, lineal,	.50	.75
Newel posts 4 inch by 4 inch, capped, each,	.50	1.00
For each ease, ramp, knee and quarter turn in the above rail, add,	.50	1.00
For each half turn or wreath in do.	1.00	2.00
3 inch black walnut, rounded rail, with 1½ turned, oak balusters (2 on each step) per foot, lineal,	.75	1.25
For each ease, ramp, knee, or guarter turn, in do. add,	.75	1.25
Page 30
For each half turn, or wreath, in ditto., add,	1.25	2.00
3 inch mahogony rounded rail, with 1½ turned, oak balusters, two on each step, per foot, lineal,	1.00	1.50
For each quarter turn, or wreath in ditto, add,	1.00	1.50
For each half turn, in do. add,	2.00	3.00
Fascia-nosing and Scotia, plain, per foot, lineal,	.15	.25
Do. open or double-faced, do., per foot, lineal,	.20	.30
Spandrils of 5-4 panel work, (plain,) per foot, superficial,	.25	.35
Do. moulded one side, per foot, superficial,	.30	.40
Brackets, mitred to strings, with double scroll and fillets, each	.20	.25
Pine newel posts 6 inch by 6 inch, turned, with cap,	1.50	2.50
Black walnut do.	2.50	5.00
Mahogany do.	2.50	6.50
For each quarter turn in open string,	.50	.75
For each half turn in  do.	.75	1.50
The above stairs are supposed to be of clear, hard pine, unless specified to the contrary, and except the scrolls and fillet, which must be white pine.
CIRCULAR OR GEOMETRICAL STAIRS.
5-4 steps, 4-4 risers, including framing, per foot, superficial,	.60	.80
6-4  do.  do.	.70	1.00
Page 31
Circular string, per foot, lineal,	.40	.50
Skirting, circular and raking, do.	.75	1.00
Mahogany twisted rail, 2½ inch by 3½ inch, moulded, with 1 3/4 inch octagonal and turned oak baluster, do.	2.25	3.50
Do. circular, level rail and balusters, do.	1.75	2.50
Black walnut newel post, 8 inch by 8 inch, fancy turned, with cap, base and shaft worked octagonal,	3.50	7.00
Mahogany do.	3.75	9.00
Straight brackets,with double scrolls, of white pine, mitered and glued to strings, each,	.20	.30
Circular do.	.30	.50
The above steps are to be of best heart, yellow pine white pine risers, strings and skirting.
For carving, or other ornamental work, charge according to value.
LADDERS.
Rough step-ladders, 4 by 6 inch bearers, 5-4 treads, not over 3 feet long, (all heart,) per tread,	.37	.75
Dressed do. 1½ by 6 inch bearers, 4-4 tread,	.40	.50
Rough step ladder, 4 inch by 8 inch bearers, 8-4 treads, not over 3 feet long, all heart, per tread,	.60	1.25
Dressed, do. do. per tread,	1.00	1.75
One story ladders, per round,	.15	.25
Page 32
Two story ladders, per round,	.20	.35
Three do. do.	.30	.50
Morticed bars in ladders, each,	.50
PORCHES.
Cylindrical columns of 2 inch stuff; for any of the orders, glued up, measuring greatest diameter, per foot, superficial,	.25	.50
Bases for do. glued, turned, and set, multiplying the greatest diameter by itself;and the result by the thickness, to find the dimensions, per cubic foot,	1.25	2.50
Caps for Tuscan and Doric Columns, per cubic foot, the dimension. to be found in the same manner as for bases, do.	1.25	2.50
Turning, extra.
Plain pilasters, or antae, of 5-4 stuff; grooved, (glued together at angles,) per foot, superficial,	.10	.20
Plain bases and caps, with 1 moulding, to ditto, measuring the longest part of the moulding, per lineal foot,	.10	.20
Fluting columns, Tuscan or Doric, per foot, lineal, of each flute,	.03	.03½
Do. in any other of the orders, per ditto,	.04	.05
For fluting pilasters, charge one fourth less than for fluting columns in the same order.
Page 33
Plain parts of entablatures, including the cradling, per foot, superficial,	.15	.25
All ornaments extra.
A11 the above, of best white pine.
Square pillars of 4-4 stuff, dressed and tongued and grooved together, at angles, per foot, superficial,	.08	.15
Framing, for porch floors, with 6 by 8 inch sills, and 3x8 joists, all heart, per foot, superficial,	.04	.08
Do. for roof, of 3 by 4 inch scantling,	.02	.05
Hips and valley, in the above, per lineal foot, extra, including sheeting,	.10	.20
5-4 heart floor, dressed, tongued and grooved, per foot, superficial,	.04	.10
Sill casing and moulding, per foot, lineal,	.06	.10
3 inch rail, rounded, 3-4 x 5-4 balusters, foot rail with props under it, per foot, superficial,	.15	.20
Raking do. per do.	.20	.25
Solid posts, heart, dressed, square, per foot, board measure,	.03	.05
Seats and plain brackets, per foot, board measure,	.08	.12
Cutting holes in brick walls, for timbers to go in, for each hole,	.10	.15
Page 34
Plain 5-4 steps, 4-4 risers each end, nosed, and with scotia, with suitable bearers, per foot, lineal, of steps,	.25	.50
For additional work on the above, charge extra, according to value.
The above work is supposed to be done of best, hard pine-all heart.
3-4 ceilings, dressed, tongued, and grooved and beaded,	.04	.08
FRAMED BUILDINGS.
Building not exceeding two stories high above a basement, of 3 by 4 inch scantling, placed 16 inches between centers, 6 by 8 inch sills, 4 by 6 inch plates and braces, per foot, superficial,	.01½	.03½
No openings, less than 100 feet, superficial, to be deducted.
Buildings, of larger timbers, per foot, board measure,	.02	.04
Framing, for vertical boarding, is worth about the same as for horizontal boarding, measured either superficial or board measure.
When measuring framed timbers, board measure, include the tenons. In scarfs or laps, include the length of scarf, with each piece of timber.
When sufficient time can be taken, it is best to estimate or measure all framing, board measure.
Page 35
WEATHER-BOARDING.
Horizontal weather-boarding, 10 to 12 inches wide, 1½ inch lap, rough, per foot, superficial,	.01	.03½
Do. dressed and jointed do.	.02½	.05
Do. 5-8 of an inch thick, 6 to 8 inches wide, rough, do.	.01½	.04
Do. dressed and jointed, do.	.03	.06
Do. do. do. rusticated, with square or chamfered cinctures, tongued and grooved, do.	.05	.08
Vertical boarding, one inch thick, 8 to 12 inches wide, with battens on joints 1 by 3 inches, 2 inches wide, all rough, including ripping the strips, do.	.02	.05
Do. do. dressed do.	.03½	.07
Do. boards, dressed, tongued and grooved, battens jointed and chamfered do.	.04	.08
No openings less than 100 feet, superficial, to be deducted.
Water tables, with beviled edges, all heart, per foot, board measure,	.04	.08
BARGE, CORNER, FASCIA, CANT BOARDS AND CORNER BEADS.
Barge boards, 1 by 4 inches, rough, per lineal foot,	.03	.06
Do. dressed and beaded do.	.06	.08
Do. 1 by 6 inches, dressed, moulded and beaded do.	.08	.10
Page 36
Returned bead, in double cornerboards, 1 3/8   do.	.03	.05
LATTICE WORK.
Lattice work, made of ½xl½ heart, hard pine, or poplar, with suitable rails, per foot, superficial,	.12	.20
Rough, lattice work, of 3/4 by 2 inch strips, do. do.	.06	.12
If either kind be made in doors and windows, add one-fourth to the price.
This work depends on the design and workmanship. The price, therefore, must be, in some degree, discretional.
PRIVIES AND WATER CLOSETS.
Inch boards, vertical, rough, per per foot, superficial,	.01	.03
Do. dressed one side, tongued and grooved, full width, do.	.02	.04
Do. from 4 to 6 inches wide, dressed both sides, tongued and grooved ditto,	.06	.09
Rafters of 3 by 4 inch scantling, 4-4 sheeting, and shingling, shingles heart and sap mized, do.	.06	.16
Inch floor, rough, with 4x6 sills and 3x4 joists, do.	.03	.08
5-4 inch floor, dressed, tongued and grooved, 4 to 6 inches wide, and sills and joists for same do.	.06	.08
Page 37
4-4 seat, nosed and riser, per foot, superficial,	.06	.08
Cutting holes in do. each,	.20	.25
Rough, batten doors, per foot, superficial, (locks and hinges extra,)	.04	.08
4-4 casings, over pipes, per superficial foot,	.12	.18
5-4 white pine seats and risers, per superficial foot,	.10	.22
5-4 do. clamped flaps, do.	.16	.30
STABLES.
Rough racks of 2 by 4 inch scantling and 1¼ rounds, per foot, superficial,	.08	.12
Dressed do. per do.	.12	.16
Mangers, of rough 4-4 stuff, per foot, lineal,	.10	.18
Do. dressed, and divisions let in, in grooves, do.	.15	.25
Do. with 8-4 fronts, do.	.18	.30
Rough stall partitions of 4-4 stuff, per foot, superficial,	.03	.08
Do. dressed, tongued and grooved, ditto,	.06	.12
Luffer windows, with movable slats, with rod, all dressed, per foot, superficial,	.20	.30
Frames for do., dressed, all heart,per foot, board measure,	.04	.08
Circular frames and windows, three prices of straight.
Page 38
FENCING.
Fence, of wide 4-4 boards, with 2 by 4 inch rails, and round cedar posts, all rough, post holes included, per foot, superficial,	.01 3/4	.06
Do. boards, dressed one side, and jointed do.	.03	.08
Do. all dressed and boards, beaded, do.	.04	.10
Do. all dressed, boards narrow, and beaded,	.06	.12
Capping, 1¼ inch by 3½ plain, with moulding each side of fence, per foot, lineal,	.04	.08
Do. 1¼ x3½, grooved and bevelled, with moulding on each side, per do.,	.06	.10
All the above to be merchantable, hard pine.
Paling fence, with palings 1 inch by 1½, pointed, way board and two rails, round cedar posts, all dressed, per foot, superficial,	.08	.12
Do. with square cedar pasts, 5 inch by 5, capped, do.	.10	.16
Baluster fence, with balusters, 1¼ inches by 1½ do., pointed, morticed through two rails, and resting on 2 by 6 inches way-board, let into posts, including moulded heads or caps to posts, do.	.12	.20
Page 39
Moulded heads or caps, when charged separately, per post or cap,	.50	.60
If any of the above fences are set on wood capping of walls, charge for mortice and tenon of each post,	.20	.25
If any are circular, charge extra per foot, lineal, for each rail,	.15	.30
Gates in any of the above fences, of the same style as fence, double price,including hanging and putting on fastenings.
Hinges and fastenings extra, according to value.
For other gates, charge in proportion to the style in which they are made.
Capping on stone or brick walls, dressed and bolted to wall, all heart, per foot, board measure,	.05	.10
Chamfers, on edges, ½ inch down, not more than eight inches on, per lineal foot of each edge,	.03	.04
Circular capping, three prices of straight.
All the above paling and picket fences, posts, (except the cedar posts,) and capping, are to be of hard pine, all heart, and clear of all large or loose knots.
Page 40
DESKS.
Tops of desks, of 4-4 hard pine, per superficial,	.10	.20
Rails, do. do. do., lineal,	.10	.20
Bottoms to do., of 5-8 poplar, per foot, superficial,	.08	.12
Divisions in do., of do. do.	.10	.20
If the falls are clamped and tenon ed on, per do.	.20	.25
Legs of 3 inch by 3 do., hard pine, turned and morticed, each,	.50	.75
Balustrade at back, according to style.
PRICES TO BE CHARGED FOR PUTTING ON HARDWARE.
Butt hinges, less than 2½, a pair,	.25
Do. from 3 to 5 inches do.	.30
Parliament hinges,  do.	.40
H or H L hinges,  do.	.20
Small strap hinges, screwed on do.	.25
Do. rivetted do.	.35
Cellar door hinges, . do. do.	.50
Small, joint hinges, do. do.	.75
Large hingeson carriage-house door,	1.25
Desk locks, each,	.50
Chest do. do.	.35
Cupboard locks, sunk in the stiles, each,	.30
Drawer, do. do. do.	.30
Closet do. screwed in the stile, each,	.25
Stock    do.	.30
Page 41
PRICES FOR PUTTING ON HARDWARE-- Continued.
Knob,    do.	.50
Mortise,   do.	1.00
Hasp and staples to doors, each,	.20
Spring fastenings to sash, each,	.25
Thumb latches,  do.	.25
Round or square bolts, each,	.15
Knob latches, do.	.25
Small flush bolts, do.	.25
Large do.	.75
Stubs, bolts and plates do.	.20
Turn-buckles, with plates, a pair,	.15

CARPENTERS' WAGES
Are from $2 50 to $3 per day. The contractor's profit must be added to this.

PRICES OF HARDWARE (AT RETAIL) IN STORE.


NAILS AND BRADS.
NOTE.-The following prices will vary according to circumstances.

Cut nails and spikes, per 100 pounds,	5.50	6.00
Wrought nails, per pound,	.10	.15
Cut brads, ½ inch,	.20	.25
Do. 1 inch,	.20	.25
Do. 1½ inch, per paper of 1 lb.	.20	.25
Do. 2 inch,	.20	.25
AXLE PULLEYS,
1 3/8 inch to 1 3/4 inch, per dozen,	.90	1.50
Page 42
CAST BOLTS, LOOSE.
1½ inch bolts, per dozen pairs,	1.00
2 inch do.	1.50
2½ inch do.	1.75
3 inch do.	2.00
3x3 inch do.	2.25
3½x4 inch do.	3.25
4x4 inch do.	3.50
5-5 inch do.	6.00
6-6 inch do.	9.00
Wrought, fast joints, from 1 inch to 4 inches,	.50	3.00
FLAPS (WROUGHT.)
1¼ and 1½ inch table flaps, per dozen pair,	.75	1.25
2 and 2½ inch back flaps, per dozen pair,	.75	1.00
SCREWS.
5-8 or 3-4 inch screws, per gross,	.30	.50
1 inch do. do.	.45	.70
1½ do. do. do.	.65	1.20
2 do. do. do.	1.05	1.80
3 do. do. do.	2.25	4.50
Hand-rail screws, 5 inches long, per dozen,	1.00	1.50
BOLTS.
Square neck bolt, 5 to 7 inches, per dozen,	1.75	2.50
Chain, spring bolts, each,	.50	1.00
Page 43
Square bolts,	.25	.50
Flush bolts, each,	.10	.50
Round, shutter bolts, No.4 to No. 8,	.12	.30
SQUARE SPRING BOLTS
No. 4 to 6, per dozen,	1.75	2.25
No. 6 to 8, do.	2.25	4.00
No. 8 to 12, do.	4.00	9.00
Flush bolts (brass) from 18 inch to 24 inch, and 9 inches long, per pair,	.50	1.00
Smaller do.	.10	.50
SLIDING-DOOR TRIMMINGS.
1¼ inch brass ways, for sliding doors, per foot,	.75
1¼ inch, iron ways, for sliding doors, per foot,	.10
3 inch brass sheaves, per set,	1.25
6 inch do. do.   do.	3.00
Lock, box, bolts and astragals, plated, per set,	10.00	30.00
LOCKS WITH KNOBS AND ESCUTCHEONS.
Horizontal rim, store-door, dead locks, each,	2.00	3.50
Horizontal rim, store-door locks, with knobs,	2.50	10.00
Mortise stoor-door latches,	2.00	3.00
Half rabbetted do.	2.25	3.50
Mortise store-door dead locks,	2.00	4.00
Half-rabbetted do.   do.	2.50	4.50
Mortise, front door locks,	5.00	25.00
Page 44
Upright rims, front-door locks,	4.00	12.00
Mortise, vestibule latches, each,	3.50	15.00
Rim night latches,	.75	3.00
Rural do.	1,.25	1.50
Mortise do.	2.00	3.00
Mortise, knob locks, without furniture,	2.00	9.00
Rabbetted do. without furniture,	1.25	9.50
Rabbetted mortise dead locks, without furniture,	.62	.75
Rabbetted do. latches	.37	1.00
Upright mortise locks, for hotels, front doors, &c., without furniture,	1.25	1.50
Builders' upright mortise locks, without furniture,	.50	2.00
Sliding door locks, without furniture,	1.50	3.00
Genuine English carpenters' locks, per dozen,	24.00
The following are the prices, with Furniture
Upright rim, knob locks, from 6 to 7 inches, (heavy,) each,	1.50	3.50
Upright rim do. from 4 to 6 inches, (light,)	.60	1.00
Horizontal, rim knob locks, (light)	.50	1.00
The following are the prices, per dozen
Mineral door knobs, 2½ inch, (first quality,)	2.75	9.00
Pearl white ditto, (first quality)	5.00	9.00
Hand-plated do. do.	55.00	75.00
Electro-plated do. do.	40.00	66.00
Page 45
Best sash cords, per pound,	.55	.60

NOTE.-Sash cord is usually put up in bundles, containing about 80 feet and weighing about two pounds. A bundle will hang from two to four ordinary sized windows-double hung.

PRICES OF TIMBER AND LUMBER.

Common, inch, hard pine boards, per 1,000 feet,	20.00
Clear do. do. do. 1,000 feet,	22.00-	25.00
All heart, clear do. per 1,000,	30.00	35.00
Boards, from 1¼ to two inches thick, common, do.	20.00	22.50
Do do.   clear, do.	25.00	30.00
Do. do.   all heart, do.	35.00	40.00
Scantling 3 by 4 inch to 6 by 8 inch,   do.	20.00	25.00
Do. all heart,	35.00	40.00
Floor joists not over 18 feet
lengths,   do.	20.00
lengths, do.	25.00
Do. above 18 feet lengths do.	25.00
Weather boarding,) inches thick, 7 inches wide, common do.	20.00
Do. do. clear do.	25.00
Do. do. all heart do.	30.00
5-4 flooring, common, dressed, tongued and grooved, (the tongues are included in measuring,)    do.	25.00
Page 46
Do. clear do.	30.00
Do. all heart, common, do.	40.00
Do. clear do.	45.00
White pine boards, best quality, do.	85.00	100.00
Do. 2d quality, do.	65.00
Do. 3d do.    do.	35.00	40.00
Oak   do.	30.00	40.00
Ash, all thicknesses, best quality,    do.	80.00
Poplar boards, 5-8 to 1 inch thick, Virginia, do.	25.00	35.00
Do. do. Albany do.	70.00	80.00
Black walnut, best quality, do.	150.00	200.00
Cherry, best quality, do.	150.00	200.00
Mahogany, do.	250.00	300.00
Pine shingles, 18 inches long, 4 wide, rived and shaved, best heart, per 1,000 shingles,	6.00	8.00
Do.   do. sap,	4.00	6.00
Do. sawed, (heart,)	7.00	8.50
Do. do. sap,	6.50	7.00
Cypress shingles, 21 inches long, 6 inches wide, all beart, per 1,000 shingles,	12.00	16.00
Cedar posts, round, 3½ inches in diameter at small end-each	.25
Do. square 5x5 inches,	.75	1.00
Do. 6x6 inches,	1.00	1.25
Rails 2x4 inches, 16 feet long, each,	.30
Page 47

COMMISSION ON MEASUREMENT OF CARPENTER'S WORK.
For labor and materials, 3 per cent, on the first 200 dollars.
Two per cent. on the next 300 dollars.
And one per cent. on the remainder of the bill.
For labor only, double the above rates.

BRICK WORK:.
A.

	work	wk+mat
Arches of common hard bricks over vaults, &c., with cement and lime mortar-per 1,000 bricks,	6.00	20.00
Groins in do. (per lineal foot of the groin,) for each, 4½ inches in thickness,	.25	.35
Jack arches, rise one-fourth of span in common brick wall, per lineal foot, measured in soffit or intrado,	.10	.15
Do. in stock brick wall do.	.20	.25
Cutting and rubbing, according to value.
Straight arches to be charged for as other arches.
Skew-backs, made of bricks, per lineal foot for every 4½ inches in thicknesss,	.15	.20
B.
Common, hard bricks, in lime mortar-outside faces of walls pointed-per 1,000 bricks,	4.00	15.00
Page 48
Do. with one oil stock brick front,	5.00	16.00
Do. two do. do.	6.00	17.00
Stock bricks only, per 1.000 bricks,	12.00	50.00
Old, common, hard bricks, per 1,000,	5.00	12.00
Where cement is used, charge extra, per 1,000,	1.00	4.00
Where bricks are laid wet (sprinkled for the purpose) charge extra per 1,000,	.10	.15
Boilers, for stationary engines, &c., to be measured solid for work manship, and in the same manner as other walls for workmanship and materials.
C.
Chimneys of framed houses, inside, per 1,000 bricks,	5.00	16.00
Do. outside, per 1,000,	6.00	18.00
No deductions for flues under 18 by 18 inches.
Chimneys with flues 18x18 inches and over to be, measured solid for workmanship only, and in the same manner as walls for workmanship and materials.
Chimneys or stacks detached, exceeding 30 feet in height add extra for every 10 feet additional height per 1,000,	9.00	10.00
Chimneys, pointing their shafts on roof not exceeding three stories high-per superficial foot,	.10	.12
Page 49
On high-pitched shingled roof., do.	.15	.18
On slated roof, per do.	.20	.25
For every additional story add, per foot,	.01	.01½
Circular brick work, in common brick wall, per 1,000,	6.00	16.00
Do. front stock facings, do.	18.00	50.00
Cornice of common square brick, for each projecting course, extra, per foot, lineal,	.05	.06
Do. of stock bricks, extra, per foot, lineal,	.08	.10
If either of the above be raking cornices, add 50 per cent to the above prices.
No deduction for the workmanship to be made for embrasures in battlements, or for spaces between dentiles and brackets.
Cutting chamfers on corner, to be , stuccoed 1½ inches on each: way, per lineal foot,	.05	.06
Cutting chamfer on corners, and rubbing common, bricks, do. per do.	.12	.15
Do. do. stock bricks,	.15	.20
Cellar steps, or fronts of wood, to be measured with bricks, for workmanship only, and deducted from walls for workmanship and materials.
Page 50
Counter ceiling or deafening, with mortar, (no deduction for joist,) per yard,	.06	.12
Cisterns, per 1,000 bricks,	5.00	16.00
Plastering do. with cement mortar, per superficial yard,	.25	.50
Digging and filling, extra.
Culverts 4½x4½ inches in the clear, all of brick, per lineal foot,	.20	.40
Do. 6x6, inches	.38	.75
Do. 9x9, covered with granite, per foot, lineal,	.50	1.00
Do. 12x12,	.63	1.25
Do. 18x18-nine inch wall, arched--per foot, lineal,	1.00	1.50
Do. 24x24	1.35	2.50
All culverts to be laid with cement mortar.
If any of the above culverts are laid dry, that is, without mortar, deduct one-fourth.
Digging and filling for culverts, included in the above.
Cutting joist holes 4 inches deep, 4-4 courses high, each,	.10	.15
D.
Barrel drains, 1 foot diameter,	.40	1.25
Do. 1 ft. 6 do.	.60	1.75
Do. 2 ft. do.	1.00	3.00
Barrel drains, 3 ft. diameter,	1.80	5.50
All to be laid with cement mortar.
Page 51
F.
Foundations for walls and filling charged by the day, with an addition of one-fourth to actual cost for contractor's profit.
Forges for blacksmith's shops, and other similar purposes, of hard, common bricks, to be measured as other walls and chimneys, per 1,000 bricks,	6.00	18.00
Air furnaces, and others similar, to be measured solid for workmanship only, and for workmanship and materials, according to the actual number of bricks in them,	6.00	18.00
Foundation walls for wooden houses, common hard bricks, pointed outside,	5.00	16.00
G.
Setting grates with common bricks, each,	2.50	3.50
Do. stock do.	3.00	4.00
Do. fine do.	3.00	4.50
Do. soap stone do.	4.00	6.00
Do. with fire brick and stock brick facing, not exceeding 8 inches margin-each,	4.50	6.00
Grouting brick walls, per 1,000 bricks,	.25	.50
Page 52
H.
Hearths, of best oil stock brick, and bedded in mortar on sand, in best manner, per foot, superficial,	.25	.50
Do. of best paving bricks, per foot, superficial,	.10	.25
N.
Nogging with bricks laid flat, per foot, superficial,	.04	.10
Deduct window and door openings.
No deduction for studs.
O.
Oven for bakers to be measured solid for workmanship only, and for workmanship and materials as other walls, per 1,000 brick,	6.00	18.00
Arches in the above ovens to be measured as other arches, per one thousand bricks,	5.00	20.00
Openings in all walls to be paid for at the value of the work only in such walls.
Openings of 100 superficial feet, or more, each, in any wall, not to be estimated as openings, but to be entirely deducted.
Oiling fronts, per yard, superficial,	.10	.20
P.
Paving with best hard paving bricks laid flat, including levelling the ground and three inch depth of sand, per superficial yard,	.25	1.25
Page 53
Do. on edge, per do.	.50	2.50
If any of the above be laid in cement mortar, or grouted, add per yard	.15	.25
Panels four inches deep in stock brick facings, per lineal foot,	.15	.20
Do. less than four inches per foot, lineal,	.20	.25
Panels in rough brick facings. one-half of the above.
Panels to be measured on all sides.
Pilasters and buttresses to be measured in the same manner as panels.
Pointing or flashing on roofs, with cement mortar, per lineal foot,	.06	.12
Do. joints on rough walls, per superficial yard,	.05	.08
Pointing stock brick, work best manner, per superficial yard,	.08	.12
Penciling joints and oiling fronts, per superficial yard,	.15	.20
One-half of the openings in oiling and penciling to be deducted.
Pillars to be measured as other work, and add fifty per cent. to the workmanship and twenty-five per cent. to the workmanship and materials.
S.
Setting spout stones in pavement, each,	.25	.30
Page 54
Do. door or window frames in old wall, and working around same, in 9 inch wall, measuring around the openings in bricks, per lineal foot,	.15	.25
Filling space in old wall 9 inches thick, per superficial foot,	.05	.20
If stock bricks or cement be used in any of the above fillings, increase the price accordingly.
Setting large window and door frames, each,	1.00	1.25
Do. small do. each,	.50	.75
Do. stone sills to doors, do.	1.00	1.25
Do. do. do. windows do.	.25	.38
Do. do. lintels to doors and windows,	.20	.25
Do. wooden do. do.	.10	.15
Do. centers to do., charge according to size.
Stopping putlog holes in common brick walls, each,	.10	.20
Do. in stock brick fronts,	.15	.25
T.
Trimmer arches to support hearth four inches thick, per superficial foot,	.06	.15
Do. to support chimney where the the lower story has been cut away, per superficial foot,	.10	.25
Page 55
U.
Underpinning to be done by the day.
PRICES OF MATERIALS FOR BRICK WORK, (Hauling to building not included.)
Good, hard, common bricks, per 1,000,		10.00
Do. light, common do. do.		9.00
Good, hard and light bricks, mixed as they run in the kiln per 1,000,		9.50
Best paving bricks, per 1,000,		11.00
Best sand, stock pressed bricks, per 1,000,		22.00
Best oil stock do. do.		35.00
Best Rockland lime, per cask of 2½ bushels,	1.60
Best Virginia lime, per cask,	1.50	2.00
Best Rosendale cement, per barrel of 3 bushel,	3.00
Best James River do. do.	2.50
River sand, per load of 25 bushels, delivered,	1.25


PRICES OF WORK TO BE CHARGED PER DAY. Brick-layer, - 2 50 to 3 00
Laborers 75c. to $1.00, according to class, and add, in each case, 25 per cent. for contractor's profit.
PARTICULARS IN REFERENCE TO BRICK WORK.
One superficial foot of one brick (9 inch) wall contains 14 bricks--small size.
One do. of one-and-a-half brick (13½ inch) wall contains 21 bricks.
Page 56
One do. of two bricks (18 inch) wall, contains 28 bricks.
Most of, the bricks made and used in this city, for many years past, were of about the following dimensions, viz: 4 1/8 x 2 3/4 and 8¼ inches long. About 16 of them are contained in a cubic foot of brick work, and they weigh at the kiln an average of six (6) pounds each.
Since the close of the late war, a large number of bricks have been made and used, of the following dimensions, viz: 2 1/8 x 4 and 8 1/8 inches long.--About 16½ of these bricks are contained in a cubic foot of brick work, and they weigh at the kiln an average of five and one-third (5 1/3) pounds.
The oil stock-pressed bricks made in Richmond are of the following dimensions, viz: 2 3/8x3 3/4 and 8 inches long, and weigh at the kiln an average of five-and-a-fourth (5¼ pounds.)
A superficial foot of facing to fronts requires 7 of these bricks.
The paving bricks made in Richmond are of the following dimensions: 4x2¼ and 8 inches long, and weigh at the kiln an average of 5 pounds.
A yard of paving contains 40½ of the above bricks.
A cubic foot of brick work weighs 130 pouuds, average.
A brick-layer and one laborer can, in a day, lay in an inside wall, joints rough, 1,500 bricks.
In external wall, the joints drawn, or pointed, 1,000 bricks.
Page 57
In front walls, with stock brick facing, taking inside and outside together, 750 bricks.
In front facings only, in the best style, 300 bricks.
In arches to vault, cellars, &c., 900 bricks.
In arches to drains, sewers, &c., exclusive of digging, 750 bricks.
In paving laid flat, including leveling the ground, 1620 bricks or 40 square yards.
In paving laid herring-bone fashion, 1,417 bricks, or 35 square yards.
One cask of lime (2½ bushels) and one load of sand (25 bushels) will serve to lay 1,000 bricks.
2½ barrels of cement (2½ bushels each) and one load of sand, will serve to lay 1,000 bricks.
It is best to use a little lime in all cement work, except it be under water or against very wet earth.
Lime and sand lose one-third of their bulk when made into mortar; likewise cement and sand.
Lime, or cement and sand, to make mortar, require as much water as is equal to one-third of their bulk.
Good lime, when made into putty, increases in bulk 2½ times.
All sand should be clean and sharp, and of medium coarseness.
PRICES TO BE CHARGED FOR DAY'S WORK.

Brick-layer,per day,(journeymen,)	3.00
Contractor's price,	3.75
Laborer's price, per day,	1.00
Contractor's price do.	1.25


Page 58
Commission On Measurement Of Brick Work:
For labor and material, two per cent. on the first 200 dollars.
One per cent. on the next 800 dollars.
One-third of one per cent. on the remainder of the bill.
For labor only, treble the above rates.

PLASTERER'S WORK.


RULES FOR MEASURING WORK.
In measuring ceilings take the dimensions from wall to wall.
In measuring walls take the girt of the room by the height, measuring from top of skirting grounds or wash boards (if not plastered to floor) to the ceiling.
Deduct the openings of doors, windows, and well holes for stairs, &c., to the extent of the value of the material, but not for the workmanship. Thus the workmanship is paid for, as if there were no openings in the work.
No deduction from ceilings to be made for chimney breasts, nor for any other openings in ceilings of less area than two square yards.
Measure all plain or moulded cornices under nine inches girt, by the lineal foot, and all over nine inches girt, by the superficial foot.
For each mitre, charge extra the price of one lineal foot of the cornice.
Page 59
Measure the plain parts of ornamental cornices, first, as plain, and add each enrichment at its value.


Plastering on brick work, one coat only per yard, superficial,	.06	.12
Do. one coat only and set with putty, (two coats,)per yard, superficial,	.12½	.25
Do. floated second coat and set with putty and plaster (three coats) do.	.15	.30
All circular work two prices of straight.
All elliptical work, groins, and spherical heads of niches and domes, three prices of straight.
For any of the above, done with hydraulic cement, add per yard, superficial,	.06	.15

LATHING, AND PLASTERING ON LATHS.

	work	wk+mat
Lathing only, including sawed laths and nails, per yard, superficial,	.04	.10
Do. and one coat of plaster, per yard, do.	.10	.20
Do. and set (two coats) do.	.17½	.35
Do. two coats, floated and set with putty and plaster (three coats) do.	.20	.40
Page 60
In circular work, groins, and spherical heads of niches and domes, add, in each case, to the price of straight work the same per cent. as is specified to be added in plastering on brick work.
REVEALS OR JAMBS.
Stucco, or three coat, hard-finish reveals to windows 4 inches wide, per foot, lineal,	.10	.20
Do. circular, per foot, lineal,	.15	.25
Do. straight, eight inches face, per ditto,	.15	.30
Do. circular, do.  do.	.20	.35
DEAFENING.
Coarse stuff, 11 inches thick on boarding, (the boarding not included,) per yard, superficial,	.06	.12
Do. on laths between joists, per do.	.05	.18
Do. on laths between studs, per do.	.04	.16
PLAIN BEADS, QUIRKS, SOFFITS, CORNICES, MOULDINGS, &c.,
Cutting quirks to wooden beads, per foot, lineal,	.03	.04
Do. circular, per foot, lineal,	.05	.08
Plaster bead and quirk (11) per foot	.10	.12
Do. and double quirk, do.	.14	.16
Do. circular,  do.	.22	.25
Floated frieze or soffits, on laths, set with stucco or hard finish, (lathing included,) per foot, superficial,	.06	.12
Page 61
Do. circular or elliptical do.	.10	.16
Compound mouldings up to 9 inches girt, per foot, lineal,	.15	.30
Do. above 9 inches girt, per foot, superficial,	.20	.40
The laths (if bracketed) included in the above.
All enrichments of friezes and mouldings, and all centers, to be charged for according to value.
Outside work, done with two parts hydraulic cement and one of lime and washed sand, on brick or stone work, jointed and frescoed, per yard, superficial,	.30	.75
Outside work, to imitate stone of different grains and shades of colors, per yard, do.	.40	1.00
Do. on lath work, (laths, &c., included,) do.	.45	1.00
Do. if circular, on bricks, add per superficial yard,	.05	.10
Do. do. do. on laths do.	.10	.20
Fascia and pilasters, per foot, superficial,	.10	.15
Plain mouldings, per do.	.75	1.12
Cinctures, or sinkings, per foot, lin.	.05	.06
If any of the above work be done with lime only and sand, deduct from the above prices 25 per ct.
No deduction for openings under 100 square feet, and no addition for reveals.
Page 62
Fresco coloring done in the best manner, per yard, superficial,	.15	.30
Oil mastic, two and a half times the above prices.

COLORING IN DISTEMPER.
Whiting in distemper--once--per yard,	.08
Do. twice,  do. do.	.12
Do. plain cornices, per foot, superficial,	.02
Do. enriched cornices, each enrichment, per foot, lineal,	.03
Do. two coats, fawn, French gray, black, &c., per yard,	.15
Do. blue, green, or other expensive colors, per yard,	.20
PARTICULARS IN REFERENCE TO PLASTERING.
A plasterer, with two laborers to mix and carry the mortar, can put on of first coat work in a day,	150 yds
A plasterer, with one laborer to mix and carry the stuff, can brown coat and float in a day,	75 yds
A plasterer, with one laborer, can hard-finish, in a day,	75 yds

5 barrels of lime, 3 loads (25 bushels each) of sand, 2,000 sawed laths, 20 pounds nails, and 2 bushels of hair, will serve to do 100 yards of two-coat plastering.
Page 63
PRICES OF MATERIALS.

Calcined plaster, per barrel,	3.50--	3.75
Hair, per bushel,	.50	.75
Best sawed laths, per 1,000,	4.00	5.00
3dy nails ,per 100 lbs.,	7.00	8.00
River sand, per load (25 bushels,) delivered,	1.25
PRICES OF DAY'S WORK.
Plasterer, per day,	2.50--	3.00
Laborer, do.	1.00	1.25


COMMISSION ON MEASUREMENT OF PLASTERING 3-4ths of a cent. per yard for the first 500 yards.
And ½ of a cent per yard for the remainder of the bill.

PAINTING.


Rules For Measuring Painting.
Measure wherever the brush goes. In places too small to insert the line, such as quirks of beads and mouldings, the measurer must make an allowanoe equal to what they would measure.
Take the superficial measure on each side of all sashes where the panes are more than 80 square inches and less than 6 square feet each.
If the panes are 80 square inches or less, take the superficial measure on each side of the sash one and a half times.
If the panes exceed six square feet each, measure the lineal feet of all bars and stiles by nine inches girt on each side of the sash.
Page 64
For blinds, with slats of the usual width, take the superficial measure all around one-and-a-half times.
Take the actual measure of all cornices, and add twice the girt of all dentil bands and carved mouldings.
Take the superfices of all plain modillions, brackets, and cantaliver blocks, and add the same to the measures before taken.
If any modillion blocks, brackets, or cantalivers are carved, or otherwise ornamented, measure the parts, so carved or ornamented, twice.
Wash-boards, base-boards, skirting, cornerstrips inside, barge board, water spouts and gutters, to be taken at one-and-a-half times the actual measure; but in no case shall they be taken at less than six inches.
Window grating to be measured both sides square. .
Balustrades and lattice-work to be taken at one and-a-half times the superficial measure, (that is, take three times the height by the length,) besides girting the rails and posts.
Paling fences to be measured both sides, and the edges of rails and two sides of posts to be added.
Edges of plain shelves, 3 inches girt.
All work not mentioned herein, to be measured according to the judgment of the measurer.
For tin roofs, with grooved joints, take the actual superfices, including counter flashing, and add one-tenth for the grooves.
Page 65

PRICES OF PAINTING, IN OIL, ON WOOD, AND FURNISHING MATERIALS.
New Painting on Wood, common colors, such as lead, stone, chocolate or white.
One coat, including cleaning off, knotting and stopping, per yard,	.09
Two coats, do. do.	.18
Three coats,  do. do.	.27
For painting on tin roofs, deduct one-fifth from the above prices.
Dark blue, orange, yellow and chrome greens, 1 coat, per yard,	.10
2 coats, do.  do.	.20
3 coats, do.  do.	.30
For painting on brick walls, add ten per cent. to the above prioes.
Painting one coat on bricks and penciling, per yard,	.20
Do. two coats,  do.  do.	.30
For do. on stucco, deduct 5 cents per yard.
Painting and sanding on Wood.
Three coats of paint and two of sand,	.50
Five coats, do. do. and 2 of sand,	.63
Whiting and Calsomining.
One coat, per yard,	.08
Two coats, do.	.12
Fancy tints, extra, according to value.
Page 66
Imitation of mahogany, maple, satin wood, oak and walnut, with one coat of varnish, per yard, superficial, as follows
1st quality, (one coat of varnish included,)	.75
2d quality, do.  do.	.60
3d do. do.  do.	.50
Plinths of base, in imitation of marble, not exceeding one foot in width, per foot, as follows
1st quality (one coat of varnish included	.10
2d quality, do.  do.	.08
3d do. do. do.	.06




GLAZING.

* = Glazing and furnishing putty and tins. + =  Glazing and furnishing first quality single, thick, American glass.	*	+
8x10	.04	.10
10x12	.05	.12
10x14	.06	.12
12x14	.08	.22
12x16	.10	.25
12x18	.12	.28
12x20	.15	.35
14x20	.15	.40
14x24	.20	.46
16x30	.22	.70
16x34	.25	.80


Cost of several kinds of Glass at factory, less the discount.

Stained glass, red, orange, yellow, and lemon, per foot, superficial,	.50
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Rubic and flashed blue,	.80
Ground glass,	from 40--50
Ground, figured glass in squares not exceeding 24 sqaure inches, per foot superficial,	.70
Clear edge do. not over 36 inches,	.80
Flotched and obscure do.	1.00


SIGN PAINTING.

Plain ground, plain letters for each line, from 3 to 12 inches, per foot,	.25
Plain ground, gold letters, from 3 to 10 inch, for each line, per foot,	1.00
If single shaded, add, per foot,	.10
Ornamental letters according to value.
Prices of some of the principal Materials used in Painting.
White lead, per 100 lbs.	10.00--15.00
Linseed oil, raw, per gallon,	1.25
Spirits turpentine, do. do.	.70
Varnish, do. do.	3.00
Driers do. do.	.20
Chrome green, per 100 lbs.	22.00--35.00


YELLOW WASH FOR BUILDINGS.
Dissolve one pound of pulverized copperas in 8 gallons of water; let it stand twenty-four hours, stirring it two or three times from the bottom; use this for slaking the lime and thinning it to the consistency of ordinary whitewash; add hydraulic
Page 68
cement equal in quantity to the lime used, and of clean sand half a gallon to 15 gallons of wash. Stir it frequently, to prevent the sand from settling.
The walls should be first well cleaned of dust and thoroughly wet from the rose of a watering pot, and the wash applied immediatety after, beginning at the top, laying on the coat horizontally and finishing it vertically.
Before leaving the work at any time, finish the course to a joint in the wall, to prevent making a mark in the color where the two courses, join.
This wash has been known to last for fifteen years without requiring renewal.
For a gray or stone color, add lamp-black previously deadened with whiskey.-[Ord. Man.
COMMISSION ON MEASUREMENT OF PAINTING.
3-4ths of a cent per yard for the first 1,000 yards.
And one-half of a cent per yard for the remainder of the bill.

STONE (GRANITE) MASON'S WORK.


Rules For Measuring Stone-Mason's Work, including work and mortar only.
Rough, rubble walls, 18 inches thick or under, to be measured as perch thickness; and all walls exceeding 18 inches thick to be reduced to perch thickness.
NOTE.-A perch of stone measures as follows: One foot high, sixteen feet six. inches long, and eighteen inches thick; or twenty-four and nine-twelfths feet, (24 9-12ths) cubic measure
Page 69
Circular walls to be measured 1½ times in ascertaining the cubical contents.
All openings 12 feet superficial or under, with jambs, to be measured as solid work; all over 12 feet, the excess to be deducted.
If the faces of rubble walls are pointed, measure the superfices of each face that is pointed, and charge it in addition to the cubical measures.
All openings to be deducted from pointing.
All jambs and reveals, if pointed, to be added to the pointed work.
All detached pillars 8 feet girt and under, to be measured by taking the girt by the height.
Ashlar facings to rubble walls to be estimated at nine inches thickness, unless ordered of a grater thickness; and the thickness of rubble work to be taken exclusive of the ashlar.
Measure all arches in their soffits.
All iron clamps to be charged for extra of measurement.

Prices of granite Mason's Work, the mortar used to be composed of two parts cement and one of lime, with sharp sand, as follows:


* = Work with scaffolding tools and mortar. + = Work and Materials.	*	+
Rough, stone walls, laid in mortar, per perch,	3.00	8.00
Rubble work, rough-hammered, laid in mortar, do.	4.50	9.50
Pointing do. per yard, superficial,	.50	.75
Page 70
Rough, rubble pillars, per perch,	5.00	10.00
Pitch face ashlar, per foot, superficial,	1.25	2.00
Ashlar work, rough-hammered, in mortar, do.	1.75	2.50
Do. smooth, do. per foot, superficial,	2.25	3.00
Arches; semi-circular or flater, axed off on the soffit and set in mortar, extra, per foot, superficial,	.25
Splayed jambs, measuring the reveal only, extra, per foot, superficial,	.37


prices to be charged per day:

Stone mason, per day,	3.00
Laborer,	1.25
Prices Of Random Stone
Stone of good quality and shape, over 6 feet long, per foot, cubic,	.50
Stone from 3 feet 6 to 6 feet long, per foot, cubic,	.30


Any stone over 2 feet 6 inches wide and good shape, to measure 1 foot thick. Stone of smaller dimensions to be estimated by the perch or ton, accordin to agreement.
One perch of stone 24 feet & 9-12ths) cubic measure) is estimated to weigh two tons (4,000 pounds.)
Page 71


PRICES OF GRANITE CUTTER'S WORK--(WORK ONLY ).


The cost of Stone must be added to the following prices, in all cases.
Measure each kind of work separately.


* = Journeymen's prices for work only. + = Contractor's prices for work, tools, and repair of tools.	*	+
Plain work, rough, to beds and joints of ashlar, backs of steps, ends of lintels, posts, and all other parts not worked fine, per foot, superficial,	.20	.25
Do. beds to shafts of columns, per foot, superficial,	.30	.40
Plain work, fine face to posts, lintels, sills, fascias, steps, cornices, and all other work not exceeding 2 feet 6 inches wide, per foot, superficial	.40 to	.60
Do. over 2 feet 6 inches and not over 4 feet wide, do.	.50	.75
Do. over 4 feet and not. over 6 feet wide, do.	.60	.90
Moulded work to lintels, architraves,imposts, &c. (ovolo) do.	2.25	3.37
Do. imposts, &.c. ogee and bead, orovolo, bead an quirk,) do.	2.50	3.75
Moulded work to large cornices, with large corona, crown and bed mouldings, do.	3.00	4.00
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Do. to small cornices or complex mouldings, do.	3.50	5.25
Do. caps or bases of large antae do.,	3.80	5.75
Do. caps and bases of small antae, do.	4.00	6.00
Do. circular and fluted shafts of Grecian Doric columns (large size) taken three times the lower diameter, by the height of shaft, do.	.80	1.20
Do. small sized columns, do.	1.00	1.50
Do. circular ovolo, with annulets, do.	2.00	3.00
Do. ends to flutes, (per square inch,)	.15	.25
Setting posts, lintels, &c., per cubic foot,	.15	.25
Setting landings, steps, ashlars, &c., per foot, cubic,	.12	.15
Working rebates, 1 inch by 2 inches, or less, per foot, lineal,	.20	.30
Working rebates, 2 feet by 3 feet, per foot, lineal,	.30	.40


PRICES OF DIMENSION STONE.
The price of dimension stone varies from 60 to 75 cents per cubic foot, according to size; it may be estimated at 65 cents per cubic foot, average, unless the dimensions be very large or very small.
MARBLE.
So little marble work is done in this city that it is believed to be unnecessary to publish an extended list of prices. A few prices of chimney pieces, &c., (set in place,) are given below, including materials.
Page 73


Common bed-room chimney pieces, with flat pilasters, each, from	25.00 to 40.00
Superior do. with raised pilasters, each,	40.00 to 60.00
Fine do. for parlors, from	60.00 to 150.00

GROUND EXCAVATION.


Every thing to be furnished by the Contractor.


Excavating foundations, cellars, &c., and hauling away, not exceeding a quarter of a mile, per cubic yard,	.35
Digging and throwing out, not exceeding one throw, or six feet, in sandy soil,	.15
Do. in gravel or stiff clay,	.25
Filling barrow and wheeling, add for first run of 20 yards,	.15
Wheeling, every additional run of 20 yds,	.15


23 1/3 cubic feet of sand, 17 1/3 ditto of clay, and 18 ditto of earth, equal in each case to a ton.
A cubic yard of earth, before digging, will occupy about 1½ cubic yards when dug
27 cubic feet or one cubic yard, contains 21 striked bushels, which is considered a single load, and double these quantities a double load:
Page 74
Digging wells, cisterns, &c., and all other kinds of excavation not mentioned in the above, must be a matter of special agreement.

SLATING.


Rules For Measuring.
Take the dimensions, so as to obtain the whole number of superficial feet of covering; add nine inches running on each side of hips and valleys, or wherever cut to a line diagonally to the slate; add 3 inches running on each side of ridge; add six inches running on each side of dormers and chimneys, and to each eave and gable or wherever terminated at right angles to the slate.
Dormers in all roofs, except Mansard or French roofs, to be deducted from the plain surface of roof, and all slating on them to be added to the quantity of slating on the roof. In French roofs, take the superficial contents without regard to the allowances above mentioned, and without deduction or addition for dormers or chimneys.
Metal flashings against walls, metal valleys, hips and ridges, to be charged for extra.
NOTES. -All ridges and hips should he finished with ridge roll or ridge batten and metal covering.
Spires should never be slated, as their oscillations cause the nails or screws to wear the holes in the slates until they become large enough to pass over the heads of the nails or screws. Wooden coverings are much better.
Page 75
That part of the slate which is exposed to the weather is all that the purchaser pays for, whether measured before or after being put on.
A square contains 100 square feet, and consequently 14,400 square inches.
A square of slate weighs about one-third of a ton.
To ascertain the number of slates in a square-first, deduct from the length of the slate 3 inches (the usual lap,) and multiply half of the remaining length by the width; take the result and divide 14,400 by it, and the answer will be the number required.
Example: Required, the number of 20 inch by 10 inch slates in a square.
20 - 3 = 17 / 2 = 8½ x 10 = 85.  14,440 / 85 = 169 14/100 slates in square
Page 76


PRICES OF WORK AND MATERIALS.
* = work, + = work and materials	*	+
Best slate, of usual size, from the Buckingham county quarries, per square, laid on sheeting, dry,	3.00	10.00
Do. do. with mortar,	3.50	12.00
Do. on laths or battens and pointed inside,	3.50	12.00
Do. on French roofs, plain,	3.50	12.00
Do. do. cut diamond, hexagon, octagon, or shell shape,	5.00	15.00
Felt under slate,		1.00


All metal flashing, valleys and ridges, extra, according to kind and dimensions of metal used.
Slate from the Buckingham quarries is now sold at the yard, in Richmond, for $6 per square of 100 feet.

PLUMBING.




Lead Supply Pipe, up to, and including 5/8 in per foot	.40
Lead Supply Pipe, 3/4 inch, including 1 inch waste, per foot,	.50
Joints for all jobs of repairing,	1.00
Waste Pipe 1¼ inches, per foot.	.55
Waste Pipe 1½ inches, do.	.75
Waste Pipe 2 inches, do.	1.00
Joints on the above waste Pipe,	1.00
Four inch Lead Soil Pipe, per foot,	1.50
Page 77
Joints extra,	1.50
1½ inch Lead Traps,	2.50
2 do. Lead Traps,	3.00
3 do. Lead Traps,	3.50
Trap Screws,	1.50
Sheet Lead Lining for bath tubs, sinks, &c., per pound,	.25
Solder extra, per lb.,	.40
Bends and Branches to be charged as 2 feet of Pipe.
WATER CLOSETS.
Pan Water Closets, with reservoir, each,	40.00
Spring Seat, with reservoir, each,	45.00
Pully Closet, with reservoir, each,	35.00
Valve Pan Closet,	35.00
Self-Raising Seat Closet,	30.00
All-Hopper Closet	25.00
PORTABLE WASH STANDS, WITH PLUGS.
Enamelled,	21.00
Galvinized,	20.00
Plain,	14.00
Corner Stand, enamelled, with iron front,	25.00
Corner Stand, enamelled, without do.	20.00
Half Circle, enamelled, with iron front,	30.00
Marble Slabs, including bowl and plug, each,	25.00
BRASS COCKS.
Brass Cocks, from	2.50 to 7.50
Brass Plugs, from	1.50 to 2.00
Page 78
BATH TUBS.
Copper, 10 ounces per foot, each,	30.00
Copper, 12 ounces, do. each,	33.00
Copper, 14 ounces, do. each,	35.00
Copper, 16 ounces, do. each,	40.00
Zinc, each,	20.00
Plain iron, each,	30.00
Galvanized, each,	35.00
Plugs to be furnished.
GALVANIZED IRON AND COPPER BOILERS.
30 gallons,	40.00
40 gallons,	50.00
50 gallons,	70.00
Stand $2 50 extra.
SINKS.
Square Sinks 14x20, and wood frame,	6.00
Square Sinks 24x15, and wood frame,	7.00
Square Sinks 30x18, and wood frame,	8.00
Square Sinks 36x18, and wood frame,	9.00
URINALS.
China, large, (Bedfordshire,)	11.00
China, small, (Bedfordshire,)	9.00
Iron, enamelled,	6.00
HYDRANTS.
Iron case, not including stopcocks or boxes,	20.00
Wood case, not including stop cocks or boxes,	16.00
Iron stop cock Boxes,	4.00
Wood Box, with iron cover,	2.50
Wood Box,	1.00
Page 79
TERRA-COTTA PIPE.
1 inch, per foot,	.30
4 inch, per foot,	.40
6 inch, per foot,	.60
8 inch, per foot,	.85
Bends and Branches to be charged as 2 feet pipe.

TINNING.

I. C. leaded Tin, standing groove, per foot,	.11
I. C. leaded Tin, flat and soldered, per foot.,	.12
I. C. bright Tin, standing groove, per foot,	.12½
I C. bright Tin, flat and soldered,	.13½
I. X. leaded standing groove,	.14
I. X. leaded flat and soldered,	.15
I. X. bright standing groove,	.15
I. X. bright flat and soldered,	.16
When Tin is furnished by others, for standing groove, allowing 165 feet to the box,	.03
When Tin is furnished by others, for flat and soldered, allowing 185 feet to the box,	.04
Porch Tinning, less than 100 feet,	.12
CORNICE AND VALLEY GUTTERS, TIN.
14 inches wide, per running foot,	.20
20 inches wide, per running foot,	.25
28 inches wide, per runing foot,	.35
If more than 28 inches wide,per square ft.	.17
COPPER.
14 ounces per square foot,	.75
16 ounces per square foot,	.80
Page 80
SWINGING GUTTERS.
10 inch Tin, per foot,	.20
12 inch Tin, per foot,	.25
14 inch Tin, per foot,	.30
CONDUCTORS OR DOWN SPOUTS, TIN.
3 inch, per foot,	.20
4 inch, per foot,	.25
5 inch, per foot,	.30
6 inch, per foot,	.35
COPPER.
2 inch, per running foot,	.40
3 inch, per running foot,	.60
4 inch, per running foot,	.75
5 inch, per running foot,	1.00
6 inch, per running foot,	1.20


One foot extra to be charged for all elbows. Two feet extra to be charged for all shoes.

GAS PIPING.

Concealed Pipe, per foot,	.27
Exposed Pipe, per foot,	.22
Taking down and refitting Old Pipe, half price.
Hanging Fixtures, each light,	.50
Metre Connections,	2.00
GAS SERVICE PIPE.
3/4 inch,	.25
1 inch,	.30
Page 81
1¼ inch	.40
1½ inch	.50
2 inch	.70

ESTIMATE.


The following is given as the quickest form of making an estimate for work and materials combined; and the prices are attached as additional information about the value of work.
Estimate of the cost to build a store and dwelling 25 feet by 65 feet, with 4 stories and cellar.


EXCAVATION AND RUBBISH.	wk+mat
254 yards excavation and removing rubbish,	.35
BRICK WORK.
185,000 bricks, net, furnished and laid,	16.00
14,000, (openings,)	5.00
7 grates set and hearths laid, and bricks furnished,	3.50
STONE WORK (GRANITE.)
36 feet, 8 inch by 12 inch coping,	1.00
23 feet, 8x14 door sills,	2.50
1 plinth 1.6 inch by 1.6 inch, by 8,	5.00
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CARPENTER'S WORK.
1364 feet 3x4 inch joist, 2 feet between centres, and 1¼ inch floor, (all heart,)	.14
2,898 feet 3x15 joists, 16 inches between centers and 11 in. floor.	.16
2,146 feet 3x12 joist, 16 between centres, and 1¼ floor,	.14
1,532 feet 2½x8 inches, ceiling joist, 16 inches between centers,	.06
1,668 feet 3x10 rafters, 2 feet between centers and sheeting,	.10
3,780 feet, 3x4 stud partition, 16 inches between centers,	.04
342 feet base, with sub-plinth, moulding and grounds	.16
753 feet plain wash-boards,	.08
27 risers, 1¼ inch steps, moulded mahogany rail 2½x3½, fastened to partition with iron supports,	6.00
14 risers and steps to descend from street to cellar,	2.00
23 risers and steps, rail and baluster, to 2d story,	6.00
21 do. to 3d do. do.	6.00
10 feet, level rail, baluster and casing, turns included,	2.00
1 step ladder to ascend to roof, 12 steps,	6.00
2 scuttles and fastenings in ceiling joists,	4.50
Page 83
250 feet 2½x6 inch framing and sheeting rear of 4th story, for tin,	.10
189 feet extra, board measure, in truss girder, to support do.	.08
50 lbs. wrought iron bolts for same,	.15
50 feet cornice, gutter and narrow frieze in rear,	1.50
2 windows, 12 lights, 12x14 inch rash, box frames with casings: inside shutters, and 3/4 inch iron bars,	30.00
1 panel and sash door, shutters, iron bars, lock and frame,	30.00
2 small panel doors, frames, locks and hinges,	8.00
1 pair panel and sash doors, iron frame, locks, hinges and bolts,	30.00
1 window, 2 lights, sash, frame and wire guard,	10.00
2 windows, 12 lights 12x24 inches, box frames, casings, sash and iron bars	40.00
1 panel and sash door, iron bars, frame lock, hinges and bolt, and transom light,	40.00
1 panel door under stairs, frame casings, locks and hinges,	16.00
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2 ditto, without blinds and panel backs,	16.00
4 windows with circular heads and inside blinds,	35.00
3 do. 12 lights 12x16 inches, square heads, outside blinds,	20.00
2 do. no blinds,	14.00
4 do. circular heads, and inside blinds,	30.00
2 windows, 12 lights, 12x18 inch sash, box frames, casings, panel backs, and inside blinds,	30.00
3 do. 12 lights 12x14 inches,square heads, outside blinds,	16.00
4 do. do. circular heads, inside blinds,	26.00
4 four-panel 1 3/4 doors, casings, locks and hinges,	20.00
1 pair of sliding doors, casings and trimmings,	85.00
8 four-pannel doors, trimmed complete,	16.00
1 trap-door in store floor, trimmed,	5.00
5 chimney-pieces, and trimming hearths,	5.50
1,941 feet 1x2 inch furring, 16 inches between centers,	.04
428 feet 2x4 inch lattice bridging in joists,	.10
2 store windows, with sash, frames and seats, fitted to iron work,	80.00
Page 85
1 pair of store doors, frame, lock, hinges and bolts,	100.00
1 entrance ditto, with transom, frame, lock, &c.	80.00
1 sky-light in roof, 4 feet by 16 feet, with sash and casings,	90.00
1 well hole for do. in 3d story floor, trimmed with rail and balusters,	100.00
3 doors to bath room and water closets, complete,	8.00
2 water closets, with sinks, fitted up,	10.00
1 sink in kitchen, fitted up,	3.50
3 lockers, fitted up with doors and shelves,	10.00
1 cupboard in kitchen, with doors and shelves,	15.00
2 centres, to turn brick arches over vaults,	10.00
PLASTERING.
1,166 yards of two-coat plastering on walls and laths,	.27½
124 yards openings in do.	.13 3/4
1,024 yards three coats plastering on walls and laths,	.32½
105 yards openings in walls and laths,	.16¼
436 feet of cornice 18 inches girt,	.50
6 center pieces,	5.00
TINNING.
2,079 feet of tinning roofs,	.11
Page 86
250 feet of tinning, rear of 4th story,	.11
93 feet of conductors,	.25
PAINTING.
1,087 yards of three-coat painting,	.27
269 yards of two-coat do. on tin,	.14
57 yards of imitation painting,	.50
GLASS, AND SETTING SAME.
2 plate glass 4',8" x 12',0"
4 do. do. 2',0" x 9',0"
2 do. do. 4',8" a 2',4"
(semi-circular at top,)	500.00
120 lts. 12x14 glass, 2d quality American,	.20
123 1ights 12x16, do. do. do.	.23
108 lts. 12x18, do. do. do.	.26
24 lts. 12x24, do. 1st quality,	.40
2 lts. 28x18, do. do.	1.00
102 lts. of 1½ inch hammered glass,	.50
PLUMBING.
2 valve pan water closets,	35.00
201 feet of supply and waste pipe,	.50
34 feet of 4 inch soil pipe,	1.00
3 bends and branches for same,	2.00
5 stop and waste cocks,	2.50
Two galvanized iron sinks and frames,	12.00
1 wooden bathing tub, lined with zinc,	25.00
Page 87
GAS PIPING.
378 feet of gas piping, concealed,	.27
IRON WORK.
Iron front, with 5 pillars, entablature, slip sills, galvanized iron cornice, at top, &c.,	1,700.00
7 grates furnished,	8.00
57 feet of vault lights,	7.00
MARBLE CHIMNEY PIECES.
Two marble chimney pieces and hearths,	50.00


RECAPITULATION.
Excavation, &c., Brick Work, Stone Work, Carpenter's Work, Plastering, Tinning, Painting. Glazing, Plumbing, Gas Piping, Iron Work, and Marble Chimney Pieces, for a complete building (store and dwelling 25 feet by 65 feet, 4 stories, with cellar, &c.,) amounting, in the total, to $12,256.91.
Architect's fee to be added.

ESTIMATE FOR CARPENTER'S WORK ONLY.


The following is an estimate for workmanship only of carpenter's work for a good country residence in the early English style; basement of brick, the balance wood. Many of the items it contains are not found in the list of prices; and in several instances two or more parts of the work are taken together. It is on this account more valuable. [The quantities and amounts are omitted, as not essential.]
Page 88


BASEMENT.
Laying joists and floor (furnished by owner, mill-dressed,)	.02½
Plain wash-board,	.04
Furring basement-walls,	.02½
Chimney pieces with flat pilasters,	2.50
Eight-light 12x16 window, with center mullion, box frames, plain -casings, fitting and hanging sash, outside blinds, and blinds furnished ready-made by the owner,	8.00
Six light, do.  do.	5.00
Four panel doors, furnished ready-made by owner, jambs, casings, hanging, and putting on fastenings and carpet strips,	4.00
Risers, 1¼ steps, round oak rail, turned baluster and newel, baluster and newel furnished ready turned by owner,	4.00
MAIN STORY.
Laying joists and floor,	.02½
Lattice bridging,	.05
Base, mouldings, and grounds,	.08
Chimney pieces, with raised pilasters, and trimming hearths,	4.00
Twelve light, 12x22 window, center mullions, box frames, architraves, and mouldings, fitting and hanging sash and outside blinds,	20.00
Page 89
Sixteen light, do. do.	15.00
3x4 stud partitions, 16 inches between centers,	.01½
Folding doors, cased, hung and fastening put on--door furnished by owner,	8.00
Single doors, cased, hung and fastened,	6.00
Do. with side lights,	8.00
Risers and 1½ inch treads, in circular stairs, 2½x3½ moulded rail, material for rail and the balusters and newel furnished ready turned by owner,	5.00
Level rail, baluster, and sill casing,	1.00
SECOND STORY.
Laying joists and floor,	.02½
Bridging,	.05
Plain wash boards,	.04
Sixteen light, 8x16 windows, with center mullions, box frames, pointed heads, square inside casings, and fitting and hanging sash and blinds,	12.50
Chimney pieces, with flat pilasters,	2.50
Doors cased, hung and fastened,	4.00
Stud partition,	.01½
FRAME.
Framing and horizontal weather boarding, dressed,	.05
Framing rafters, sheeting and shingling,	.06
Valleys for do., open and lined, including framing,	.30
Collar beams	.02
Page 90
Verge boards and fascia boards, moulded,	.10
Cornice, with gutter,	.50
Raking do. without gutter,	.50
Ceiling under rafters at gables and eaves, dressed,	.06
FRONT PORCH.
Framing and laying floor,	.04
Sill casing and bead,	.06
Risers, and 2 inch steps 1 2 feet long, on 4 bearers, per riser,	2.50
Seven inch octagon pillars, 12 feet long, with bases and caps,	5.00
Moulded rail, foot rail and balusters, per lineal foot,	.75
Inside and outside frieze, arched soffit, cornice and forming for gutter,	1.50
Framing rafters and sheeting for tin,	.03
Hips for do., per lineal foot,	.10
Ceiling, dressed, tongued and grooved, and beaded,	.04

MEASURES OF SOLIDITY.
The wine gallon of 231 cubic inches contains 8,355 lbs. avoirdupois, of distilled water, and is the government or custom standard of the U. S., and the legal gallon of each State in which no law exists fixing a State or statute gallon.
To find the number of Winchester bushels (the Standard bushel of the U. S.) a given space will contain: Ascertain its capacity in cubic feet, and subtract one-fifth from it; the remainder will be the number, nearly, of bushels.
Page 91

MENSURATION.
1st. To find the area of a four-sided figure, whether it be a square, parallelogram, rhombus or rhomboid: Multiply the length by the perpendicular height.
2d. To find the area of a triangle: Multiply the base by half the perpendicular height.
3d. To find the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle, when the base and perpendicular are given: Add together the squares of the two sides and extract the square root of the sum.
4th. To find one of the legs, when the hypotenuse and the other leg is known: Subtract the square of the leg, whose length is known from the square of the hypotenuse, and the square root of their difference will be the answer.
5th. To find the circumference of a circle, when the diameter is given: Multiply the diameter by 3.1416, or multiply the diameter by 22 and divide the product by 7.
6th. To find the diameter of a circle, when the circle cumference is given: Divide the circumference by 3.1416, or multiply the circumference by 7 and divide by 22.
7th. To find the area of a circle when the diameter and circumference are both given: Multiply
Page 93
the square of the diameter by .7854, or the square of the circumference by .07958, or multiply the circumference by the diameter, and divide the product by 4.
8th. To find the circumference of an elipse: Square the two axis or diameters, and multiply the square root of half their sum by 3.14159.
9th. To find the area of an elipse: Multiply the longer axis by the shorter, and the product by .7854.
10th. To find the capacity in gallons of cilinders: Multiply the diameter in inches by itself, and the product by the height; then multiply the last product by 34, and point off four right-hand figures for decimals.

SURFACE OR SQUARE MEASURE.


144 square inches	1 square foot.
9 do. feet	1 do. yard.
272½ do. do	1 rod, perch or pole,
30¼ do. yards	1 square pole.
40 do. rods	1 do. rood.
4 do. roods	1 do. acre.
640 do. acres	1 do. mile.


Page 93

SOLID OR CUBIC MEASURE.


1,728 cubic inches	1 cubic foot.
27 do. feet	1 do. yard.
16 do. do	1 cord foot.
8 cord ft. or 128 cubic ft.	1 cord of wood.
24 3/4 cubic feet	1 perch of stone.
231 cubic inches	1 wine gallon.
268.80 do. do.	1 gallon dry measure.
2150.42 do. do.	1 bushel.

TABLES,
Showing the number of nails to a pound, and their respective lengths, as manufactured by the Old Dominion Nail Works of this city.

size of Nails.	Nmb'r in a pound	Length in inches	Size of Nails	Numb'r in a pound	Length in Inches
3 penny	400	1 1/8	12 pen'y	48	3¼
4 do.	260	1 3/8	20 do.	35	3 3/4
5 do.	200	1 3/4	30 do.	20	4 1/8
6 do.	130	2	40 do.	16	4 5/8
8 do.	88	2½	50 do.	12	5 1/8
10 do.	66	3	4 in. spikes	12
			5 do.	9
			6 do.	7


Page 94
TABLE,
Showing the proper pitch of roofs for different kinds of materials.

Materials.	Inclination.	Height of Roof in parts of span
Tin	Rise 1½ inches to a foot	1/16
Copper	Do. do. do.	1/16
Lead	Do. 3 do. do.	1/8
Zinc	Do. 3 do. do.	1/8
Long cypress shingles	Do. 8 do. do.	1/3
Slate	Do. 8 do. do.	1/3

Shingles of superior quality may be put on a roof with a pitch of one-fifth the span.
TABLE,
Showing the weight of one foot of round, rolled iron.

DIAMETER.	WEIGHT.	DIAMETER.	WEIGHT.
INCHES.	POUNDS.	INCHES.	POUNDS.
¼	0.16	1¼	4.12
3/8	0.37	1 3/8	4.98
½	0.66	1½	5.93
5/8	1.03	1 5/8	6.96
3/4	1.48	1 3/4	8.08
7/8	2.02	1 7/8	9.27
1	2.63	2	10.55
1 1/8	3.33


Page 95
TABLE,
Showing the weight of a lineal foot of flat Bar Iron in pounds, from 3/4 to 2½ inches to breadth, and from ¼ to 1½ inches in thickness.

Breadth	Thickness	Weight	Breadth	Thickness	Weight
In inches.	In inches.	In pounds.	In inches.	In inches.	In pounds.
3/4	¼	0.633	2	¼	1.689
do.	½	1.265	do.	½	3.379
1	¼	0.845	do.	3/4	5.069
do.	½	1.69	do.	1	6.758
do.	3/4	2.534	do.	1¼	8.448
1¼	¼	1.056	do.	1½	10.138
do.	½	2.112	do.	1 3/4	11.828
do.	3/4	3.168	2¼	¼	1.9
do.	1	4.224	do.	½	3.802
1½	¼	1.266	do.	3/4	5.703
do.	½	2.535	do.	1	7.604
do.	3/4	3.802	do.	1¼	9.505
do.	1	5.069	do.	1½	11.406
do.	1¼	6.337	2½	¼	2.112
1 3/4	¼	1.479	do.	½	4.224
do.	½	2.957	do.	3/4	6.336
do.	3/4	4.435	do.	1	8.448
do.	1	5.914	do.	1¼	10.56
do.	1¼	7.393	do.	1½	12.672
do.	1½	8.871


Page 96
WROUGHT AND CAST IRON.
The prices of Cast Iron can be easily calculated from the following table, showing the weight of wrought Iron from 1-8th. of an inch to one inch thick, at per foot, superficial--cast iron being only about one-thirtieth lighter than wrought iron.

THICKNESS.	WEIGHT PER FOOT,
	SUPERFICIAL.
1/8 inch.	5 pounds.
¼ do.	10 do.
3/8 do.	15 do.
½ do.	20 do.
3/4 do.	30 do.
1 do.	40 do.


Page 97

AN ACT IN RELATION TO MECHANIC'S LIENS.


[Approved July 11th, 1870.]
1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly, That all artisans, builders, mechanics, lumber-dealers, and others performing labor or furnishing materials for the construction, repair, or improvement of any building or other property, shall have a lien, as hereinafter provided, upon such property and so much land therewith as shall be necessary for the convenient use and enjoyment of the premises, for the work done and materials furnished. But where the claim is for repairs only, no lien shall attach upon the property repaired, unless said repairs were ordered by the owner of the property or his agent.
2. A general contractor, wishing to avail himself of the lien given him by the preceding section, shall file within thirty days after the completion of the work, in the clerk's office of the county or corporation court of the county or corporation in which the property upon which a lien is sought to be secured is situated, and in the clerk's office of the chancery court of the city of Richmond, where the property is in said city, a true account of the work done or materials furnished, sworn to by said claimant or his agent, with a statement attached, signifying his intention to claim the benefit of said lien, and setting forth a brief description of the property upon which he claims the lien. It shall be the duty of the clerk in whose office such account and statement shall be filed, as herein-before provided, to record the same in a book kept for that purpose, and from the time of such filing, all persons shall be deemed to have notice thereof.
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3. Any sub-contractor or workman, and any person contracting to furnish materials about a building or other improvement for a general contractor, or other person than the owner, may give notice in writing to the owner of such building or other improvement, stating the probable value of the labor to be performed or materials to be furnished; and if such sub-contractor, workman, or supplier of materials shall afterwards perform such labor or furnish such materials, and shall within ten days after such building or other improvement is completed, furnish the owner thereof with a correct account of the amount due to said party by the contractor and remaining unpaid, the said owner shall be liable for the amount of such claim: provided, the same does not exceed the amount named by the said claimant in the notice herein-before required; and in that event, the owner of the building or other improvement shall be liable to the claimant for the amount named in the said notice, and no more.
4. If the account furnished to the owner of any building or other improvement, as provided in the last section, by the sub-contractor, workman, or supplier of materials, is approved by the general contractor; or if, after ten days' notice to the general contractor of the filing of said account with the owner, he shall fail to file with said owner any objection to said account, in either case the said owner may pay the amount of said account to the sub-contractor, workman, or supplier of material, and shall then be entitled to a credit for the amount so paid upon whatever may be due by him to the general contractor. If the general contractor dispute or deny the correctness of the account presented to the owner by the sub-contractor, workman, or supplier of materials, at any time before the same is paid,
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the owner, or either of the other parties. may have the amount of such disputed account summarily adjudicated and settled by arbitrators selected--one by the general contractor and one by the claimant; and upon the failure or refusal of either of the said parties to select an arbitrator, then the matter in controversy shall be settled by action at law; and upon the payment by the owner or his agent of the amount ascertained to be due by the award of said arbitrators, or by action at law, he shall be released from all liability to the said sub-contractor, workman, or supplier of materials, and entitled to a credit against the general contractor for the amount so paid--the cost of arbitration to be borne and paid as said arbitrators shall adjudge and award in each case.
5. No lien created by this act shall bind any building or the land on which it is erected, or other property affected thereby, for a longer time than six months after the same is secured, unless suit be brought within that time to enforce said lien; provided, however, that when in any case credit has been given by the contractor, and the credit payments have not fallen due when the lien is secured, said lien shall continue binding and in full force for six months after the last credit payment becomes due, not to exceed two years from the completion of the work.
6. The lien secured upon any building or other imimprovement, by a general contractor, shall, at any time, enure to the benefit of any sub-contractor, workman, or other person performing labor or supplying materials upon or about such building or other improvement to whom said general contractor shall be indebted therefor: provided said sub-contractor, workman, or other person shall furnish notice to the owner, of his claim against the general contractor before the amount of such lien is actually paid off and discharged.
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7. If the person who shall cause such building to be erected or repaired. owns less than a fee-simple estate in such land, then only his interest therein shall be subject to said liens. The liens created by this act shall be preferred to every other lien or incumbrance which shall have attached upon said property subsequent to the time at which the work was commenced or the material furnished, and no incumbrance upon the land created after the making of the contract for the erection of a building upon such land shall operate upon the building erected until the lien in favor of the persons doing the work or furnishing materials shall have been satisfied. br> 8. The liens created by this act may be enforced by motion, upon reasonable notice in the county or corporation court of the county or corporation in which the lien is recorded, whether the defendant reside in such county or corporation or not. And the owner of the property, or any other person interested therein, may, upon like notice to the lien holder, move said court to dismiss and release said lien. In either case, the court having all the parties in interest before it, shall adjudge the right of the case in all respects, and enforce the same by its decree.
9. In addition to the proceedings authorized by the last preceding section, any person holding the lien aforesaid may commence a suit in equity, as in other cases of liens, against the owner of and all other persons interested as lien-holders, or otherwise, in such building and the land on which it is erected, and obtain such final decree therein for the sale thereof as justice and equity may require. The holder of such lien, filed as aforesaid, on payment thereof, shall enter satisfaction of the same on record. at the request of any one interested in the property charged with the lien, within ten days af-
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ter such request, on the payment of such cost for entry; and on failure to enter such satisfaction, shall forfeit and pay the party aggrieved the sum of fifty dollars and all damages which he may have sustained by reason of such failure or, neglect.
10. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to take away or affect in any manner any action which any such contractor, laborer, sub-contractor or other persons performing labor or furnishing materials for such building, would otherwise have against his employer.
11. This act shall be in force from its passage.

FORM OF AGREEMENT FOR BUILDING A HOUSE.*
(This is taken from a valuable Book of Forms, by A. H. SANDS, Esq.)
Articles of agreement, made and entered into this day of , in the year 18 , between Henry O. of the one part, and Benjamin B. of the other part: Witness; that the said Benjamin B., for the consideration hereinafter mentioned, doth for himself, his executors and administrators, covenant, promise and agree to and with the said Henry O., his executors, administrators and assigns, that he the said Benjamin B. shall and will, on or before the day of , in good and workmanlike manner, and according to the best of his art and skill, well and substantially erect, build and complete, in the city of , on street, a dwelling-house of the size and ma-
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terials set forth and specified in the paper marked "A," hereunto annexed, the materials for building the said house to be furnished by the said____;* and the said Henry O, in consideration of said covenant by the said Benjamin B., doth for himself, his executors and administrators, covenant and promise to and with the said Benjamin B., his executors, administrators and assigns, to pay to the said Benjamin B. the sum of dollars, as follows, to wit: (here state the time or times at which the money, is to be paid.) In witness whereof, the said parties, to these presents have hereunto set their hands and seals on the day and year first above written as the date hereof.
HENRY O. (Seal.)
BENJAMIN B. (Seal,)

Paper "A," referred to in annexed contract.
The house is to be built of brick, three stories high--on the first floor, four rooms; the front room on the first floor to be neatly finished, and to have a marble mantelpiece, &c., &c., (according to the agreement of the parties). On the second floor, &e. On the third floor, &c.
(Signed,) H. O.
B. B.
(*According to the contract, either by the owner or by the builder. Sometimes the owner furnishes a part, and the builder the balance.)
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GLOSSARY OF ARCHITECTURAL TERMS.


Abacus. The upper member of the capital of a column, whereon the architrave rests.
Abutment. The solid part of a pier from which an arch springs.
Alcove. That part of a bed-chamber in which the bed stands; it is separated from the other parts of the room by columns or pilasters.
Annulet. A small, square moulding, which crowns or accompanies a larger. Also that fillet which separates the flutings df a column.
Antae. A name given to pilasters attached to a wall.
Armule. A series of arches, of apertures, or recesses
Arch. An artful arrangement of bricks, stones, or other materials, in a curvilinear form, which, by their mutual pressure and support, perform the office of a lintel, and carry superincumbent weight, the whole resting at its extremities upon piers or abutments.
Architect. One who designs and superintend the erection of buildings.
Architrave. The lower of the primary division of the entablature. It is placed immediately upon the abacus of the capital.
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Astragal. A small moulding, the profile of which is semi-circular.
Attic. A term that expresses any thing invented or much used in Attica or the city of Athens.
Attic Order. An order of low pilasters, generally placed over some other order of columns.
Auriel or Oriel. A window projecting outwards.
Balcony. A projection from the surface of a wall, supported by consoles or pillars, and surrounded by a balustrade.
Baluster. A small pillar, or pilaster, serving to support a rail.
Balustrade. A connected range of a number of balusters.
Base. The lower part of a column, moulded or plain, on which the shaft is placed.
Basement. The lower part, or story, of a building, on which an order is based, with a base or plinth, die and cornice.
Batten. A scantling of stuff, from two to six inches broad, and from five-eighths to two inches thick, used in the boarding of floors; also upon walls, in order to secure the lath on which the plaster is laid, in which case it is called furring.
Bay Window. (See Auriel.)
Bead and Flush Mork. A piece of panel work with a bead run on each edge of the included panel.
Bead and But Work. A piece of framing in which the panels are flush, having beads stuck or run upon the two edges with the grain of the wood in their direction.
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Bed-Mouldings. Those mouldings in all the orders between the corona and frieze.
Bracket. A projection to sustain a statue, or other ornament, and sometimes supporting the ribs of a roof or the modillions of a cornice.
Capital. The head, or uppermost part of a column or pilaster.
Carpenter. An artificer, whose business is to cut, fashion, and join timbers together, and other wood, for the purpose of building.
Casement Sash. Sash hung upon hinges.
Cavetto. A hollow moulding, whose profile is a quadrant of a circle.
Cincture. A ring, list or fillet, at the top or bottom of a column, serving to divide the shaft of a column from its capital and base.
Chamfer. To cut in a slope.
Column. A member in architecture of a cylindrical form, consisting of a base, a shaft, or body, and a capital. It differs from the pilaster, which is square on the plan.
Corbel. (In Gothic architecture) a kind of bracket.
Cornice. The projection, consisting of several members, which crowns or finishes an entablature, or the body or part to which it is annexed. The cornice used on a pedestal is called the cap of the pedestal.
Corona. A member of a cornice, situated between the bed moulding and the cymatium.
Corridor. A gallery, or open communication to the different apartments of a house.
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Cimma, called also Cymmatium. A moulding which is hollow in its upper part, and swelling below:
Dentils. Small, square block, or projections used in the bed-mouldings of the cornices in the Ionic, Corinthian, Composite, and sometimes Doric orders.
Dome. An arched or vaulted roof, springing from a polygonal, circular, or elliptic plane.
Dormant, or Dormer Window. A window set upon the slope of a roof or spire.
Door. The gate, or entrance of a house, or other building, or of an apartment in a house.
Dormitory. A sleeping room.
Drawing or Withdrawing Room. A large and elegant apartment, into which the company withdraw after dinner.
Dressing Room. An apartment contiguous to the sleeping room, for the convenience of dressing.
Echinus. The same as the ovolo, or quarter round; but perhaps it is only called Echinus with propriety.
Entablature. The assemblage of parts supported by the column. It consists of three parts, the architrave, frieze, and cornice.
Facade. The face or front of a building.
Facia. A flat member in the entablature or elsewhere, being, in fact, nothing more than a band or broad fillet.
Fillet. The small, square member which is placed above or below the various square or curved members in an order.
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Finial. The ornamental termination to a pinnacle or spire.
Flight of Stairs is a series of steps from one landing pace to another.
Fret. A kind of ornamental work, which is laid on a plain surface.
Frieze, or Frize. The middle member of the entablature of an order, which separates the architrave and the cornice.
Frontispiece. The face or fore front of a house; but it is a term more usually applied to its decorated entrance.
Furrings are flat pieces of timber, plank or board, used by carpenters to bring dislocated work to a regular surface.
Gable. The triangular end of a building at the ends of a roof.
Granite. A genus of stone much used in building, composed chiefly of quartz, fieldspar and mica, forming rough and large masses of very great hardness.
Groin. (In Gothic architecture) the diagonal line formed by the intersection of two vaults in a roof.
Groined Ceiling. A surface formed of three or more curved surfaces, so that every two may form a groin, all the groins terminating at one extremity in a common point.
Ground Floor. The lowest story of a building.
Ground Plot. The ground on which a building is placed.
Grounds. Joiners give this name to narrow strips of wood put in walls, for nailing the finishings to.
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Gutters area kind of canals in the roofs of houses, to receive and carry, off rain water.
Hood-Mould. The upper and projecting moulding over a Gothic door or window.
Impost. The layer of stone or wood that crowns a door post or pier, and which supports the base line of an arch or arcade.
Intercolumniation. The distance between two columns.
Jack Rafters. The Jack timbers, which are fastened to the hip rafters and the wall plates; also the small rafters on a trussed roof.
Jambs. The side pieces of any opening in a wall, which bear the piece that discharges the superincumbent weight of such wall.
King Post. The post in a truss, which extends from the apex to the tie-beam.
Lintel. A piece of timber or stone placed horizontally over a door, winnow, or other opening.
Metope. The square space between two triglyphs of the Doric order.
Minute. The sixtieth part of the diameter of a column.
Modillion. An ornament in the entablature of richer orders, resembling a bracket.
Module. The semi-diameter of a column.
Mutule. A projecting ornament of the Doric cornice, which occupies the place of the modillion in imitation of the ends of rafters.
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Mullion. (In Gothic amhitedure.) The upright bars which divide the lights in a window.
Newel Post. The upright support for the rail at the starting of a stair-way.
Order. An assemblage of parts, consisting of a base, shaft, capital, architrave, frieze, and cornice.
Ovolo. A moulding sometimes called a quarter round, from its profile being the quadrant of a circle.
Panel. A thin board having all its edges inserted in the groove of a surrounding frame.
Parapet. The defence round a terrace, or roof of a building.
Pedestal. The substruction under a column or wall. A pedestal under a column consists of three parts---the base, the die, and the cornice or cap.
Pediment. The low, triangular crowning ornament of the front of a building, or of a door, window, or niche.
Piazza. A continued archway, or vaulting, supported by pillars or columns; a portico.
Pier. A solid between the doors or windows of a building.
Pilaster. A square pillar engaged, in a wall.
Pile. A stake or beam of timbers, driven firmly into the ground.
Pillar. A column of irregular form, always disengaged, and always deviating from the proportions of the orders; whence the distinction between a pillar and a column.
Plinth. The square solid under the base of a column, pedestal, or wall.
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Porch. An arched vestibule at the entrance of a church or other building.
Portico. A place for walking under shelter, raised with arches, in the manner of a gallery.
Post. A piece of timber set erect in the earth. Perpendicular timbers of the wooden frame of a building.
Principal Rafters. The two inclined timbers which support the roof.
Purlins. Pieces of timber laid horizontally on the principal rafters, to support the common rafters.
Quatrefoil. (In Gothic architecture) an ornament in tracery, consisting of four segments of circles, or cusps, within a circle.
Quoins. The external and internal angles of buildings or of their members. The corners.
Radius, in geometry, is the semi-diameter of a circle.
Rails, in framing, the pieces that lie horizontal; and the perpendicular pieces are called stiles, in wainscoting, &c.
Raking. A term applied to mouldings, the arrises of which are inclined to the horizon.
Ridge. The top of the roof which rises to an acute angle.
Rustic. The courses of stone or brick, in which the work is jagged out into an irregular surface. Also, work left rough, without tooling.
Sagging. The bending of a body in the middle by its owu weight, when suspended horizontally by each end,
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Sash. The woolen frame which holds the glass in windows.
Scantling. The name of a piece of timber, the measure to which a piece of timber is cut.
Shaft. That part of a column which is between the base and capital.
Sill. The timber or stone at the foot of a window or door; the ground timbers of a frame which support the posts.
Skirtings. The narrow boards which form a plinth around the margin of a floor.
Soffit. The ceiling or underside of a member in an order.
Spandrel. The triangular space enclosed by one side of an arch, and two lines at right angles to each other.
Spiral. A curve line of a circular kind, which in its progress recedes from its centre.
Stretching Course. Bricks or stones laid in a wall with their longest dimensions in the horizontal line.
Templet. A mould used by bricklayers and masons for cutting or setting the work.
Tenon. Part of a piece of timber so formed as to be received into a mortise in another piece.
Terrace Roofs. Roofs which are flat at the top.
Torus. A moulding of semi-circular profile, used in the bases of columns.
Transom. A cross mullion in a window, or between a door and the sash above.
Trefoil. (In Gothic architecture) an ornament consisting of three cusps in a circle.
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Triglyph. The ornament of the frieze in the Doric order, consisting of two whole and two half channels, sunk triangularly on the plan.
Trimmings. Pieces of timber framed at right angles with the joists against the wall, for chimneys, and well-holes for stairs.
Trimmer. A small beam, into which are framed the ends of several joists. The two joists into which each end of the trimmer is framed are called trimming joists.
Truss. A combination of timbers, iron, or timbers and iron so framed as to constitute an unyielding frame.
Vault. An arched roof, so contrived that the stones, or other materials of which it is composed, support and keep each other in their places.
Vestibule. An ante-hall, lobby or porch.
Volute. The scroll which is appended to the capital of the Ionic order.
Wall-Plates. Pieces of timber which are so placed as to form the supports to the roof of a building.
Well. The space occupied by a flight of stairs; the space left in the middle, beyond the ends of the steps, is called the well-hole.
Zig-Zag. (In Gothic architecture) an ornament so called from its resemblance to the letter Z.

CONTENTS.
CARPENTER'S WORK ..5


Joists ..5
Girders ..6
Story Post ..7
Roofing ..7
Sheeting ..8
Shingling ..9
Outside Cornices ..9
Dormer Windows ..11
Balustrades ..11
Stud Partitions and Battening or Furring ..12
Board Partitions and Ceilings ..12
Flooring ..13
Hatchways and Scuttles in Roofs ..14
Centering to Arches ..15
Bracketing, including Plugging ..15
Door Frames ..16
Window Frames ..17
Sash-Makers' Prices ..18
Outside Blinds ..19
Inside Folding Shutters ..21
Panel Doors ..21
Batten or Ledge Doors ..22
Jamb Linings ..23
Rabbetted Jambs ..24
Architraves ..25
Pilasters to Doors and Windows ..25
Mouldings ..26
Bases, Skirting, and Wash-Boards ..26
Chimney Pieces ..27
Closets and Pantry ..27
Store Shelving ..28
Counters ..29
Drawers ..29
Stairs ..30

Page 114

Circular or geometrical Stairs ..31
Ladders ..32
Porches ..33
Framed Buildings ..35
Weather-Boarding ..36
Barge, corner, fascia, cant Boards and corner Beads ..36
Lattice Work ..37
Privies and Water Closets ..31
Stables ..39
Fencing ..39
Desks ..41
Prices to be charged for putting on Hardware ..41

PRICES OF HARDWARE (AT RETAIL) IN STORE ..42

Nails and Brads ..42
Axle Pulleys ..42
Cast Bolts ..43
Flaps ..43
Screws ..43
Bolts ..43
Square Spring Bolts ..44
Sliding-Door Trimmings ..44
Locks with knobs and escutcheons ..44

PRICES OF TIMBER AND LUMBER ..46

Commission on measurement of Carpenter's Work ..48

BRICK WORK:

A ..48
B ..48
C ..49
D ..51
F ..52
G ..52
H ..53
N ..53
O ..53
P ..53
S ..54
T ..55
U ..56
Prices of Materials for Brick Work ..56
Prices of Work to be charged per day ..56
Particulars in reference to Brick Work ..56
Prices to be charged for day's work ..58
Commission on Measurement of Brick Work ..59

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PLASTERER'S WORK ..59

Rules for Measuring Work ..59
Lathing, and Plastering on Laths ..60
Reveals or Jambs ..61
Deafening ..61
Plain Beads, Quirks, Soffits, Cornices, Mouldings, &c ..61
Coloring in Distemper ..63
Particulars in reference to Plastering ..63
Prices of Materials ..64
Prices of Day's Work ..64
Commission on Measurement of Plastering ..64

PAINTING ..64

Rules for Measuring Painting ..64
Prices of Painting ..66

GLAZING ..67
SIGN PAINTING ..68

Yellow Wash for Buildings ..68
Commission on Measurement of Painting ..69

STONE (GRANITE) MASON'S WORK ..69

Rules for Measuring Stone-Mason's Work ..69
Prices of Granite Mason's Work ..70
Prices to be charged per day ..71
Prices of Random Stone ..71

PRICES OF GRANITE CUTTER'S WORK-(WORK ONLY ) ..72

Prices of Dimension Stone ..73
Marble ..73

GROUND EXCAVATION ..74
SLATING ..75

Rules for Measuring ..75
Prices of Work and Materials ..77

PLUMBING ..77

Water Closets ..79
Portable Wash Stands, with Plugs ..78
Brass Cocks ..78
Bath Tubs ..79
Galvanized Iron and Copper Boilers ..79
Sinks ..79
Urinals ..79
Hydrants ..79
Terra-Cotta Pipe ..80

TINNING ..80

Cornice and Valley Gutters (Tin) ..80
Cornice..do..Copper ..80

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Swinging Gutters ..81
Conductors or Down Spouts, (Tin)..81 Cornice and Valley Gutters of Copper ..81
GAS PIPING ..81

Gas Service Pipe ..81

ESTIMATE ..82
ESTIMATE FOR CARPENTER'S WORK ONLY ..88
MEASURES OF SOLIDITY .. 91
MENSURATION .. 92
SURFACE OR SQUARE MEASURE..93
SOLID OR CUBIC MEASURE ..94

TABLES ..94


Showing the number of Nails to a pound ..94
Showing the proper Pitch of Roofs ..95
Showing the weight of round, rolled Iron ..95
Showing the weight of flat Bar Iron ..95
Showing the weight of Wrought and Cast Iron 96

LIEN LAW ..98
FORM OF HOUSE-BUILDING AGREEMENT ..102
GLOSSARY OF ARCHITECTURAL TERMS ..104